oracle19c 静态监听配置

1. 确认Oracle数据库版本：可以通过以下命令查看：

   $ sqlplus / as sysdba
   SQL> select banner from v$version where rownum=1;

2. 创建监听文件：在Oracle安装目录下的`NETWORK/ADMIN`目录中创建`listener.ora`文件，内容如下：

   LISTENER =
     (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
       (DESCRIPTION =
         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名或IP地址)(PORT = 监听端口号))
       )
     )

其中，主机名或IP地址为数据库服务器的主机名或IP地址，监听端口号一般为`1521`。

3. 修改`tnsnames.ora`文件：在同一目录下的`tnsnames.ora`文件中增加以下内容：

   SERVICE_NAME =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名或IP地址)(PORT = 监听端口号))
       (CONNECT_DATA =
         (SERVER = DEDICATED)
         (SERVICE_NAME = 数据库实例名)
       )
     )

其中，主机名或IP地址和监听端口号与`listener.ora`中一致，数据库实例名为Oracle数据库实例的名称。

4. 启动监听：执行以下命令启动监听：

   $ lsnrctl start

如果监听已经启动，可以使用以下命令重新加载监听配置文件：

   $ lsnrctl reload

5. 验证监听是否正常工作：执行以下命令验证监听是否正常工作：

   $ lsnrctl status

如果监听正常工作，将输出类似以下内容：

   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
   STATUS of the LISTENER
   ------------------------
   Alias                     LISTENER
   Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
   Start Date                19-JUL-2021 10:56:11
   Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
   Trace Level               off
   Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
   SNMP                      OFF
   Listener Parameter File  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
   Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
   Listening Endpoints Summary...
     (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
   Services Summary...
   Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).
     Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
   Service "ORCLPDB1" has 1 instance(s).
     Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
   The command completed successfully

其中，`Services Summary...`部分列出了Oracle数据库实例的服务名称，如果显示了正确的服务名称，则说明监听正常工作。