torch.from_numpy(signal).float()

This function converts a NumPy array to a PyTorch tensor with a floating-point data type.

Specifically, it takes in a NumPy array called "signal" and returns a PyTorch tensor with the same data as "signal", but with a floating-point data type (i.e. each value will be a decimal instead of an integer).

This function can be useful if you have data stored in a NumPy array and want to use it in a PyTorch model, since PyTorch tensors are the preferred data type for working with neural networks.

相关问题

class ResidualBlock(nn.Module): def init(self, in_channels, out_channels, dilation): super(ResidualBlock, self).init() self.conv = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=dilation, dilation=dilation), nn.BatchNorm1d(out_channels), nn.ReLU(), nn.Conv1d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=dilation, dilation=dilation), nn.BatchNorm1d(out_channels), nn.ReLU() ) self.attention = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv1d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1), nn.Sigmoid() ) self.downsample = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1) if in_channels != out_channels else None def forward(self, x): residual = x out = self.conv(x) attention = self.attention(out) out = out * attention if self.downsample: residual = self.downsample(residual) out += residual return out class VMD_TCN(nn.Module): def init(self, input_size, output_size, n_k=1, num_channels=16, dropout=0.2): super(VMD_TCN, self).init() self.input_size = input_size self.nk = n_k if isinstance(num_channels, int): num_channels = [num_channels*(2**i) for i in range(4)] self.layers = nn.ModuleList() self.layers.append(nn.utils.weight_norm(nn.Conv1d(input_size, num_channels[0], kernel_size=1))) for i in range(len(num_channels)): dilation_size = 2 ** i in_channels = num_channels[i-1] if i > 0 else num_channels[0] out_channels = num_channels[i] self.layers.append(ResidualBlock(in_channels, out_channels, dilation_size)) self.pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool1d(1) self.fc = nn.Linear(num_channels[-1], output_size) self.w = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv1d(num_channels[-1], num_channels[-1], kernel_size=1), nn.Sigmoid()) # 特征融合 门控系统 # self.fc1 = nn.Linear(output_size * (n_k + 1), output_size) # 全部融合 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(output_size * 2, output_size) # 只选择其中两个融合 self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout) # self.weight_fc = nn.Linear(num_channels[-1] * (n_k + 1), n_k + 1) # 置信度系数，对各个结果加权平均 软投票思路 def vmd(self, x): x_imfs = [] signal = np.array(x).flatten() # flatten()必须加上 否则最后一个batch报错size不匹配！ u, u_hat, omega = VMD(signal, alpha=512, tau=0, K=self.nk, DC=0, init=1, tol=1e-7) for i in range(u.shape[0]): imf = torch.tensor(u[i], dtype=torch.float32) imf = imf.reshape(-1, 1, self.input_size) x_imfs.append(imf) x_imfs.append(x) return x_imfs def forward(self, x): x_imfs = self.vmd(x) total_out = [] # for data in x_imfs: for data in [x_imfs[0], x_imfs[-1]]: out = data.transpose(1, 2) for layer in self.layers: out = layer(out) out = self.pool(out) # torch.Size([96, 56, 1]) w = self.w(out) out = w * out # torch.Size([96, 56, 1]) out = out.view(out.size(0), -1) out = self.dropout(out) out = self.fc(out) total_out.append(out) total_out = torch.cat(total_out, dim=1) # 考虑w1total_out[0]+ w2total_out[1],在第一维，权重相加得到最终结果，不用cat total_out = self.dropout(total_out) output = self.fc1(total_out) return output优化代码

1. 代码中的注释最好用英文，这样可以方便其他国家的程序员阅读和理解。

2. 在ResidualBlock类中，应该将init()改为__init__()，这是Python中的一个特殊方法，用于初始化类的实例变量。

3. 对于VMD_TCN类中的layers部分，可以使用一个for循环来代替多次重复的代码。例如：

for i in range(len(num_channels)):
    dilation_size = 2 ** i
    in_channels = num_channels[i-1] if i > 0 else num_channels[0]
    out_channels = num_channels[i]
    self.layers.append(ResidualBlock(in_channels, out_channels, dilation_size))

4. 不建议在forward()函数中使用numpy数组，应该使用PyTorch张量来保证代码的可重复性和GPU加速。例如，将self.vmd(x)中的signal变量改为torch.tensor(signal, dtype=torch.float32)。

5. 对于全连接层的输入尺寸，可以使用num_channels[-1] * self.nk代替output_size * (self.nk + 1)，这样可以避免使用self.nk + 1这个魔数。

6. 在vmd()函数中，x_imfs可以使用PyTorch张量来存储，而不是使用Python列表。例如，可以使用torch.zeros((self.nk+1, self.input_size))来创建一个张量，并将每个u[i]复制到对应的张量中。这样可以避免在循环中多次创建张量，提高代码的效率。

7. 在forward()函数中，可以使用torch.cat()函数来将所有输出张量连接起来，而不是使用Python列表。例如，可以将total_out定义为一个空的张量，然后在每次迭代中使用torch.cat()函数将输出张量连接到total_out中。这样可以避免在循环中多次分配内存，提高代码的效率。

如何解决Loading and preparing results... DONE (t=0.01s) creating index... index created! Running per image evaluation... Evaluate annotation type *bbox* DONE (t=0.44s). Accumulating evaluation results... Traceback (most recent call last): File "tools/train.py", line 133, in <module> main() File "tools/train.py", line 129, in main runner.train() File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mmengine/runner/runner.py", line 1721, in train model = self.train_loop.run() # type: ignore File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mmengine/runner/loops.py", line 102, in run self.runner.val_loop.run() File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mmengine/runner/loops.py", line 366, in run metrics = self.evaluator.evaluate(len(self.dataloader.dataset)) File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mmengine/evaluator/evaluator.py", line 79, in evaluate _results = metric.evaluate(size) File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mmengine/evaluator/metric.py", line 133, in evaluate _metrics = self.compute_metrics(results) # type: ignore File "/home/wangbei/mmdetection(coco)/mmdet/evaluation/metrics/coco_metric.py", line 512, in compute_metrics coco_eval.accumulate() File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pycocotools-2.0-py3.8-linux-x86_64.egg/pycocotools/cocoeval.py", line 378, in accumulate tp_sum = np.cumsum(tps, axis=1).astype(dtype=np.float) File "/home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 305, in __getattr__ raise AttributeError(__former_attrs__[attr]) AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'float'. `np.float` was a deprecated alias for the builtin `float`. To avoid this error in existing code, use `float` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.float64` here. The aliases was originally deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance see the original release note at: https://numpy.org/devdocs/release/1.20.0-notes.html#deprecations WARNING:torch.distributed.elastic.multiprocessing.api:Sending process 29887 closing signal SIGTERM ERROR:torch.distributed.elastic.multiprocessing.api:failed (exitcode: 1) local_rank: 0 (pid: 29886) of binary: /home/wangbei/anaconda3/envs/Object_mmdetection/bin/python

这个错误看起来像是在使用numpy时出现了问题。根据错误信息，似乎是在`pycocotools/cocoeval.py`文件中的`np.float`出现了问题。这是因为在NumPy 1.20中，`np.float`被弃用了。为了解决这个问题，你需要将代码中的`np.float`替换为`float`或`np.float64`。

你可以在`pycocotools/cocoeval.py`文件中找到`tp_sum = np.cumsum(tps, axis=1).astype(dtype=np.float)`这一行代码，将其中的`np.float`替换为`float`或`np.float64`。如果你不确定应该使用哪个，请根据NumPy版本查看官方文档或参考错误信息中提供的链接。

在修改代码后，重新运行程序，应该就可以解决这个问题了。