定义一个复数类.包括实部跟虚部成员变量、构造方法、以及两个复数的加法、乘法和比较大小运算符定义

为了定义一个复数类，我们可以按照面向对象编程的原则，在Python中创建一个名为`ComplexNumber`的类。这个类将包含实部(`real`)和虚部(`imaginary`)两个私有成员变量，以及对应的构造方法，用于初始化复数。此外，我们将提供加法、乘法和比较大小的方法。

class ComplexNumber:
    def __init__(self, real=0, imaginary=0):
        """
        构造方法，接受实部和虚部作为参数，如果省略则默认为0
        """
        self.__real = real
        self.__imaginary = imaginary

    # 访问器方法，用于获取或设置复数的实部和虚部
    @property
    def real(self):
        return self.__real
    @real.setter
    def real(self, value):
        self.__real = value

    @property
    def imaginary(self):
        return self.__imaginary
    @imaginary.setter
    def imaginary(self, value):
        self.__imaginary = value

    # 加法方法
    def add(self, other):
        new_real = self.real + other.real
        new_imaginary = self.imaginary + other.imaginary
        return ComplexNumber(new_real, new_imaginary)

    # 乘法方法
    def multiply(self, other):
        real_part = self.real * other.real - self.imaginary * other.imaginary
        imag_part = self.real * other.imaginary + self.imaginary * other.real
        return ComplexNumber(real_part, imag_part)

    # 比较大小的运算符重载
    def __lt__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) < (other.real, other.imaginary)
    def __le__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) <= (other.real, other.imaginary)
    def __gt__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) > (other.real, other.imaginary)
    def __ge__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) >= (other.real, other.imaginary)
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) == (other.real, other.imaginary)
    def __ne__(self, other):
        return (self.real, self.imaginary) != (other.real, other.imaginary)

# 示例
c1 = ComplexNumber(3, 4)
c2 = ComplexNumber(1, 2)
print("c1 =", c1)
print("c2 =", c2)
print("c1 + c2 =", c1.add(c2))
print("c1 * c2 =", c1.multiply(c2))