STM32 blink

### STM32 LED Blink Example Code Tutorial

For beginners in ARM development with the STM32 series, creating an LED blinking application serves as a fundamental exercise to understand basic hardware control and programming concepts. The following section provides guidance on setting up such a project using Arduino framework specifically tailored for STM32 microcontrollers like the STM32G070RBT6.

#### Setting Up Environment
Before diving into coding, ensure that the necessary tools and libraries are installed within your preferred Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This includes installing support packages specific to STM32 boards under the Arduino environment[^1].

#### Writing the Program
Below is a simple sketch demonstrating how to make an external or onboard LED connected to pin PA5 of the STM32G070RBT6 board blink at regular intervals:

// Define which GPIO port/pin controls the LED.
#define LED_PIN PA5 

void setup() {
  // Initialize digital pin as output.
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);   // Turn ON the LED by setting voltage high
  delay(1000);                  // Wait one second
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);    // Turn OFF the LED by setting voltage low
  delay(1000);                  // Wait another second before repeating cycle
}

This piece of code initializes Pin A5 as an output channel during initialization (`setup()` function), then continuously toggles its state between high and low every second inside `loop()` method causing attached LEDs to flash accordingly[^4].

--related questions--

1. What other pins can be used instead of PA5 for controlling LEDs?
2. How does changing the value passed to `delay()` affect the behavior of this program?
3. Can multiple LEDs be controlled simultaneously from different ports? If yes, what changes need to occur in the provided script?
4. Is there any difference when running similar sketches across various models within the STM32 family?
5. Are there alternative methods besides using delays to achieve more precise timing while keeping CPU resources free for multitasking applications?