c语言实现赫夫曼编码完整代码
时间: 2023-08-17 16:33:49 浏览: 126
以下是 c 语言实现赫夫曼编码的完整代码:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_TREE_HT 100
struct node {
int freq;
char data;
struct node* left;
struct node* right;
};
struct priority_queue {
int size;
int capacity;
struct node** array;
};
// 创建一个新节点
struct node* new_node(char data, int freq) {
struct node* temp = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->left = NULL;
temp->right = NULL;
temp->data = data;
temp->freq = freq;
return temp;
}
// 创建一个优先队列
struct priority_queue* create_priority_queue(int capacity) {
struct priority_queue* pq = (struct priority_queue*)malloc(sizeof(struct priority_queue));
pq->size = 0;
pq->capacity = capacity;
pq->array = (struct node**)malloc(pq->capacity * sizeof(struct node*));
return pq;
}
// 交换两个节点
void swap(struct node** a, struct node** b) {
struct node* t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
// 下滤操作
void min_heapify(struct priority_queue* pq, int index) {
int smallest = index;
int left = 2 * index + 1;
int right = 2 * index + 2;
if (left < pq->size && pq->array[left]->freq < pq->array[smallest]->freq) {
smallest = left;
}
if (right < pq->size && pq->array[right]->freq < pq->array[smallest]->freq) {
smallest = right;
}
if (smallest != index) {
swap(&pq->array[smallest], &pq->array[index]);
min_heapify(pq, smallest);
}
}
// 判断队列是否为空
int is_empty(struct priority_queue* pq) {
return pq->size == 0;
}
// 取出队列中最小的节点
struct node* extract_min(struct priority_queue* pq) {
struct node* node = pq->array[0];
pq->array[0] = pq->array[pq->size - 1];
pq->size--;
min_heapify(pq, 0);
return node;
}
// 将节点插入队列中
void insert(struct priority_queue* pq, struct node* node) {
pq->size++;
int i = pq->size - 1;
while (i && node->freq < pq->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
pq->array[i] = pq->array[(i - 1) / 2];
i = (i - 1) / 2;
}
pq->array[i] = node;
}
// 建造哈夫曼树
struct node* build_huffman_tree(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
struct node *left, *right, *top;
struct priority_queue* pq = create_priority_queue(size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
insert(pq, new_node(data[i], freq[i]));
}
while (!is_empty(pq) && pq->size > 1) {
left = extract_min(pq);
right = extract_min(pq);
top = new_node('$', left->freq + right->freq);
top->left = left;
top->right = right;
insert(pq, top);
}
return extract_min(pq);
}
// 打印哈夫曼编码
void print_codes(struct node* root, int arr[], int top) {
if (root->left) {
arr[top] = 0;
print_codes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
}
if (root->right) {
arr[top] = 1;
print_codes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
}
if (!root->left && !root->right) {
printf("%c: ", root->data);
for (int i = 0; i < top; i++) {
printf("%d", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
// 哈夫曼编码
void huffman_encoding(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
struct node* root = build_huffman_tree(data, freq, size);
int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;
print_codes(root, arr, top);
}
int main() {
char data[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
int freq[] = { 5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45 };
int size = sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0]);
huffman_encoding(data, freq, size);
return 0;
}
```
在代码中,`create_priority_queue()` 函数用于创建优先队列,`new_node()` 函数用于创建新的节点,`swap()` 函数用于交换两个节点,`min_heapify()` 函数用于下滤操作,`is_empty()` 函数用于判断队列是否为空,`extract_min()` 函数用于取出队列中最小的节点,`insert()` 函数用于将节点插入队列中,`build_huffman_tree()` 函数用于建造哈夫曼树,`print_codes()` 函数用于打印哈夫曼编码,`huffman_encoding()` 函数用于执行哈夫曼编码。
在 `main()` 函数中,我们定义了一个字符数组 `data` 和一个频率数组 `freq`,用于存储待编码的字符及其频率。然后,我们计算出 `data` 数组的大小,并调用 `huffman_encoding()` 函数进行哈夫曼编码。
运行程序,即可输出各个字符的哈夫曼编码。
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