如何使用Python中的AES库进行加密，然后用Java正确地解密该密文？

在Python中，你可以使用`cryptography`库中的`Fernet`模块进行AES（Advanced Encryption Standard）加密，而`java.util.Base64`可以帮助我们处理Base64编码的密文传输到Java中。以下是步骤：

1. **Python加密**:

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
import base64

def encrypt(message, password):
    salt = b'some_salt'
    kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(algorithm=algorithms.HMAC(algorithm=algorithms.SHA256(), length=32), 
                     length=32, salt=salt, iterations=100000, backend=default_backend())
    key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password.encode()))

    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(key[:16]), backend=default_backend())
    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
    iv = encryptor.iv
    ciphertext = encryptor.update(message.encode()) + encryptor.finalize()

    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(iv + ciphertext)

# 示例
message = "Hello, World!"
password = "your_secret_password"
encrypted_text = encrypt(message, password)

2. **Java解密** (假设你已经有了Base64解码后的密文、IV以及密码)：

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AESDecryption {

    private static final String ALGORITHM = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";
    private static final String KEY = "your_secret_password"; // 对应Python中的密码

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedText) throws Exception {
        byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedText);
        byte[] iv = new byte[16];
        byte[] ciphertext = new byte[decodedBytes.length - 16];

        System.arraycopy(decodedBytes, 0, iv, 0, 16);
        System.arraycopy(decodedBytes, 16, ciphertext, 0, decodedBytes.length - 16);

        SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(KEY.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), ALGORITHM);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new IvParameterSpec(iv));

        byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(ciphertext);
        return new String(decryptedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String decryptedMessage = decrypt("base64_encoded_encrypted_text_here");
        System.out.println(decryptedMessage);
    }
}