yoututhis study investigated earth pressure balance (epb) shield tunneling–

时间: 2023-08-02 20:02:06 浏览: 67
本研究调查了地压平衡(EPB)盾构隧道施工。地压平衡盾构是一种施工土壤和岩石隧道的方法,其施工过程中使用泥浆来控制地压力,以实现隧道的稳定施工。 此研究主要关注EPB盾构隧道施工的关键技术和影响因素。首先,通过收集和分析实际工程数据,研究人员评估了不同土层条件下的EPB盾构施工性能。他们发现,土壤类型、湿度、含水量和粒径大小等因素会对盾构施工产生影响。因此,在实际施工中,需要特别关注土壤特性,并采取相应的措施来确保施工质量。 其次,研究人员还研究了EPB盾构隧道在不同地下环境中的施工特点。例如,当盾构隧道穿越含有水源的地下水层时,必须采取适当的排水措施,以避免地下水涌入隧道导致施工困难。此外,地面地形和建筑物的存在也可能对盾构隧道的施工造成一定影响,因此需要进行详细的勘察和规划。 最后,研究人员还讨论了EPB盾构隧道在不同施工阶段的土壤变形和隧道结构受力情况。通过数值模拟和现场监测,他们得出了隧道施工过程中土体变形和地下结构受力的特点和规律。这些结果对于设计和施工人员在隧道工程中的决策和控制具有重要的参考价值。 综上所述,本研究对EPB盾构隧道施工进行了深入调查,揭示了其关键技术和影响因素。这些研究结果对于提高隧道施工质量,确保隧道工程的安全和可靠具有重要的理论和实践意义。
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分析句子结构We give an analysis of how the hashtag topics changed during the investigated time span and conclude that there are three periods separated by February 12 and March 12.

这是一个复合句,由两个并列的句子构成。 第一个句子结构如下: 主语:We (我们) 谓语:give (提供) 宾语:an analysis (分析) 介词短语:of how the hashtag topics changed during the investigated time span (关于话题标签在调查时间段内如何变化) 第二个句子结构如下: 主语:We (我们) 谓语:conclude (得出结论) 宾语从句:that there are three periods separated by February 12 and March 12 (即有3个时期,分别由2月12日和3月12日分隔开来) 两个句子由并列连词"and"连接。

分析句子成分We give an analysis of how the hashtag topics changed during the investigated time span and conclude that there are three periods separated by February 12 and March 12.

主语:We (我们) 谓语:give (提供) 宾语:an analysis (分析) 介词短语:of how the hashtag topics changed during the investigated time span (关于话题标签在调查时间段内如何变化) 并列连词:and (并且) 谓语:conclude (得出结论) 宾语从句:that there are three periods separated by February 12 and March 12 (即有3个时期,分别由2月12日和3月12日分隔开来)

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帮我地道的翻译:The differential variational inequalities ((DVIs), for short) are useful for the study of models involving both dynamics and constraints in the form of in￾equalities. They arise in many applications: electrical circuits with ideal diodes, Coulomb friction problems for contacting bodies, economical dynamics, dynamic traffic networks. Pang and Stewart [26], [27] established the existence, unique￾ness, and Lipschitz dependence of solutions subject to boundary conditions for (DVIs) in finite dimensional spaces. Han and Pang investigated a class of dif￾ferential quasi-variational inequalities in [11], and Li, Huang and O’Regan [18] studied a class of differential mixed variational inequalities in finite dimensional Well-Posedness of Differential Mixed Quasi-Variational-Inequalities 137 spaces. Gwinner [8] obtained an equivalence result between (DVIs) and projected dynamical systems. In [9] he also proved a stability property for (DVIs) by using the monotonicity method of Browder and Minty, and Mosco set convergence. Chen and Wang [4] studied dynamic Nash equilibrium problems which have the formulation of differential mixed quasi-variational inequalities. Elastoplastic contact problems can also be incorporated into (DMQVIs) formulation because general dynamic processes in the nonsmooth unilateral contact problems are governed by quasi-variational inequalities. A numerical study for nonsmooth contact problems with Tresca friction can be found in [10], Liu, Loi and Obukhovskii [19] studied the existence and global bifurcation for periodic solutions of a class of (DVIs) by using the topological degree theory for multivalued maps and the method of guiding functions. For more details about (DVIs) we refer to [3], [30], [12], [22]–[21].

用中文总结以下内容: A number of experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study the MBPP stack and wavy flow field characteristics with various designs [10,11]. T. Chu et al. conducted the durability test of a 10-kW MBPP fuel cell stack containing 30 cells under dynamic driving cycles and analyzed the performance degradation mechanism [12]. X. Li et al. studied the deformation behavior of the wavy flow channels with thin metallic sheet of 316 stainless steel from both experimental and simulation aspects [13]. J. Owejan et al. designed a PEMFC stack with anode straight flow channels and cathode wavy flow channels and studied the in situ water distributions with neutron radiograph [14]. T. Tsukamoto et al. simulated a full-scale MBPP fuel cell stack of 300 cm2 active area at high current densities and used the 3D model to analyze the in-plane and through-plane parameter distributions [15]. G. Zhang et al. developed a two-fluid 3D model of PEMFC to study the multi-phase and convection effects of wave-like flow channels which are symmetric between anode and cathode sides [16]. S. Saco et al. studied the scaled up PEMFC numerically and compared straight parallel, serpentine zig-zag and straight zig-zag flow channels cell with zig-zag flow field with a transient 3D numerical model to analyze the subfreezing temperature cold start operations [18]. P. Dong et al. introduced discontinuous S-shaped and crescent ribs into flow channels based on the concept of wavy flow field for optimized design and improved energy performance [19]. I. Anyanwu et al. investigated the two-phase flow in sinusoidal channel of different geometric configurations for PEMFC and analyzed the effects of key dimensions on the droplet removal in the flow channel [20]. Y. Peng et al. simulated 5-cell stacks with commercialized flow field designs, including Ballard-like straight flow field, Honda-like wavy flow field and Toyota-like 3D mesh flow field, to investigate their thermal management performance [21]. To note, the terms such as sinusoidal, zig-zag, wave-like and Sshaped flow channels in the aforementioned literatures are similar to the so called wavy flow channels in this paper with identical channel height for the entire flow field. The through-plane constructed wavy flow channels with periodically varied channel heights are beyond the scope of this paper [22,23].

n the present research, a hybrid laser polishing technology combining pulsed laser and continuous wave laser was applied to polish the surface of laser directed energy deposition (LDED) Inconel 718 superalloy components. The surface morphology, microstructure evolution and microhardness of the as-fabricated, the single pulsed laser polishing (SPLP) and the hybrid laser polishing (HLP) processed samples were investigated. The results revealed that the as-fabricated sample has a rough surface with sintered powders. In the matrix, the NbC carbide and Cr2Nb based Laves phase array parallel to the build direction and the small γʺ-Ni3Nb particles precipitate in matrix uniformly. The surface roughness of the as-fabricated sample is 15.75 μm which is decreased to 6.14 μm and 0.23 μm by SPLP and HLP processing, respectively. The SPLP processing refines the grains and secondary phase significantly in the remelted layer which is reconstructured with the cellular structure and plenty of substructures. The HLP processing also refines the grain and secondary phase but the secondary phases still exhibit array distribution. In addition, the tangled dislocations pile up along the interface of secondary phases. Compared with the as-fabricated sample, the SPLP processing decreases the surface microhardness but the HLP processing increases the surface microhardness, and the Young's elasticity modulus of surface layer is improved by SPLP and HLP processing to 282 ± 5.21 GPa and 304 ± 5.57 GPa, respectively. 翻译

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