以下程序中未定义标识符hMutex#include <iostream>#include <Windows.h>#include <queue>using namespace std;#define BUFFER_SIZE 10HANDLE hMutex;HANDLE hEmpty;HANDLE hFull;queue<int> buffer;DWORD WINAPI Producer(LPVOID lpParam) { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { WaitForSingleObject(hEmpty, INFINITE); WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE); buffer.push(i); cout << "Producer produces " << i << " (buffer size: " << buffer.size() << ")" << endl; ReleaseMutex(hMutex); ReleaseSemaphore(hFull, 1, NULL); Sleep(500); } return 0;}DWORD WINAPI Consumer(LPVOID lpParam) { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { WaitForSingleObject(hFull, INFINITE); WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE); int data = buffer.front(); buffer.pop(); cout << "Consumer consumes " << data << " (buffer size: " << buffer.size() << ")" << endl; ReleaseMutex(hMutex); ReleaseSemaphore(hEmpty, 1, NULL); Sleep(1000); } return 0;}int main() { HANDLE hThreadProducer, hThreadConsumer; hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL); hEmpty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, BUFFER_SIZE, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL); hFull = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL); hThreadProducer = CreateThread(NULL, 0, Producer, NULL, 0, NULL); hThreadConsumer = CreateThread(NULL, 0, Consumer, NULL, 0, NULL); WaitForSingleObject(hThreadProducer, INFINITE); WaitForSingleObject(hThreadConsumer, INFINITE); CloseHandle(hMutex); CloseHandle(hEmpty); CloseHandle(hFull); return 0;}
时间: 2024-01-14 22:02:45 浏览: 121
在这个程序中,确实没有定义标识符hMutex。需要在程序开始时定义hMutex,可以使用CreateMutex函数创建一个新的互斥对象,或者使用OpenMutex函数打开一个已存在的互斥对象。具体实现如下:
```
...
HANDLE hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
if (hMutex == NULL) {
cout << "Failed to create mutex!" << endl;
return 1;
}
...
```
这样就可以在Producer和Consumer函数中使用hMutex了。另外,记得在程序结束时关闭这些句柄,即调用CloseHandle函数。
相关问题
#include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> //#include <fstream> using namespace std; #define THREAD_INSTANCE_NUMBER 3 LONG g_fResourceInUse = FALSE; LONG g_lCounter = 0; DWORD ThreadProc(void * pData) { int ThreadNumberTemp = (*(int*) pData); HANDLE hMutex; if ((hMutex = OpenMutex(MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "Mutex.Test")) == NULL) { cout << "Open Mutex error!" << endl; } cout << "ThreadProc: " << ThreadNumberTemp << " is running!" << endl; cout << "ThreadProc " << ThreadNumberTemp << " gets the mutex"<< endl; ReleaseMutex(hMutex); CloseHandle(hMutex); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; DWORD ID[THREAD_INSTANCE_NUMBER]; HANDLE h[THREAD_INSTANCE_NUMBER]; HANDLE hMutex; if ( (hMutex = OpenMutex(MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, "Mutex.Test")) == NULL) { if ((hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, "Mutex.Test")) == NULL ) { cout << "Create Mutex error!" << endl; return 0; } } for (i=0;i<THREAD_INSTANCE_NUMBER;i++) { h[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) ThreadProc, (void *)&ID[i], 0, &(ID[i])); if (h[i] == NULL) cout << "CreateThread error" << ID[i] << endl; else cout << "CreateThread: " << ID[i] << endl; } WaitForMultipleObjects(THREAD_INSTANCE_NUMBER,h,TRUE,INFINITE); cout << "Close the Mutex Handle! " << endl; CloseHandle(hMutex); return 0; }运行这段代码并解释运行结果
这段代码是一个使用了Windows API的多线程程序,它创建了三个线程并尝试使用互斥量来控制对共享资源的访问。
在主函数中,程序首先尝试打开一个名为"Mutex.Test"的互斥量,如果互斥量不存在则创建一个新的。接着创建三个线程,每个线程都会执行ThreadProc函数。在ThreadProc函数中,线程会尝试获取"Mutex.Test"互斥量的所有权,然后输出一些信息表示该线程正在运行并已经获取到了互斥量的所有权。最后释放互斥量并关闭句柄。
运行结果可能会因为线程的调度而有所不同,但是在多数情况下程序的输出应该是这样的:
CreateThread: 1
CreateThread: 2
CreateThread: 3
ThreadProc: 1 is running!
ThreadProc: 2 is running!
ThreadProc: 3 is running!
ThreadProc 1 gets the mutex
ThreadProc 2 gets the mutex
ThreadProc 3 gets the mutex
Close the Mutex Handle!
可以看到,三个线程分别获取到了互斥量的所有权,并依次释放。最后程序关闭了互斥量的句柄。
编写程序,利用Windows同步机制来实现哲学家进餐问题
哲学家进餐问题是一个经典的并发编程问题,它描述了五位哲学家围坐在圆桌旁,每个哲学家面前都有一只碗和一根筷子,哲学家只能同时拿起自己左右两边的筷子才能进餐,同时每根筷子只能供一个哲学家使用。这个问题的解决需要考虑到死锁和饥饿的问题。
下面是一个使用Windows同步机制的实现:
```c++
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int N = 5; // 哲学家的人数
HANDLE hChopsticks[N]; // 筷子的句柄
HANDLE hMutex; // 互斥量句柄
DWORD WINAPI philosopher(LPVOID lpParam) {
int i = *(int*)lpParam;
int left = i;
int right = (i + 1) % N;
while (true) {
// 哲学家思考
cout << "哲学家" << i << "思考" << endl;
Sleep(1000);
// 拿起左边的筷子
WaitForSingleObject(hChopsticks[left], INFINITE);
cout << "哲学家" << i << "拿起左边的筷子" << endl;
// 拿起右边的筷子
DWORD dwRet = WaitForSingleObject(hChopsticks[right], 1000);
if (dwRet == WAIT_TIMEOUT) { // 如果1秒内没拿到右边的筷子,就放下左边的筷子,重新思考
cout << "哲学家" << i << "没拿到右边的筷子,放下左边的筷子重新思考" << endl;
ReleaseMutex(hChopsticks[left]);
continue;
}
cout << "哲学家" << i << "拿起右边的筷子" << endl;
// 同时拿到左右两边的筷子,开始就餐
cout << "哲学家" << i << "开始就餐" << endl;
Sleep(1000);
// 放下左右两边的筷子
ReleaseMutex(hChopsticks[left]);
ReleaseMutex(hChopsticks[right]);
cout << "哲学家" << i << "放下左右两边的筷子" << endl;
}
}
int main() {
// 创建互斥量
hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
// 创建筷子
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
hChopsticks[i] = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
}
// 创建哲学家线程
vector<HANDLE> vecThread(N);
vector<int> vecParam(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
vecParam[i] = i;
vecThread[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, philosopher, &vecParam[i], 0, NULL);
}
// 等待哲学家线程结束
WaitForMultipleObjects(N, &vecThread[0], TRUE, INFINITE);
// 关闭句柄
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
CloseHandle(hChopsticks[i]);
}
CloseHandle(hMutex);
return 0;
}
```
在这个实现中,我们创建了互斥量和筷子的句柄,并创建了哲学家线程。每个哲学家线程都会循环执行思考、拿起左右两边的筷子、就餐、放下左右两边的筷子的操作。对于拿起右边的筷子操作,我们使用了`WaitForSingleObject`函数,并设置了1秒的超时时间,如果1秒内没拿到右边的筷子,就放下左边的筷子,重新思考。这样可以避免死锁和饥饿的问题。
注意,这个实现只是一个简单的例子,实际上哲学家进餐问题还存在许多其他的解决方案。
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