matlab写出huffman编码的程序
时间: 2023-08-02 15:07:25 浏览: 98
以下是MATLAB中实现Huffman编码的示例代码:
```matlab
function [coded, dict] = huffman_encode(source)
% 计算源符号出现的概率
[symbols, prob] = histcounts(source);
prob = prob / sum(prob);
% 将概率和符号存入结构体数组中
n = length(symbols);
nodes = struct('symbol', {}, 'prob', {});
for i = 1:n
nodes(i).symbol = symbols(i);
nodes(i).prob = prob(i);
end
% 构建Huffman树
while length(nodes) > 1
% 按概率从小到大排序
[~, idx] = sort([nodes.prob]);
nodes = nodes(idx);
% 取出两个概率最小的节点
n1 = nodes(1);
n2 = nodes(2);
% 创建新节点,作为两个子节点的父节点
new_node = struct('symbol', {[-1 -1]}, ...
'prob', {n1.prob + n2.prob}, ...
'left', {n1}, ...
'right', {n2});
% 从节点数组中删除已合并的两个子节点
nodes(1:2) = [];
% 将新节点加入节点数组
nodes = [nodes new_node];
end
% 递归生成编码字典,并将编码存入coded数组中
dict = struct('symbol', {}, 'code', {});
coded = '';
generate_code(nodes, coded, dict);
end
function generate_code(node, coded, dict)
% 如果节点是叶子节点,将编码存入字典
if length(node.symbol) == 1
dict(end+1).symbol = node.symbol;
dict(end).code = coded;
return;
end
% 递归处理左子树
generate_code(node.left, [coded '0'], dict);
% 递归处理右子树
generate_code(node.right, [coded '1'], dict);
end
```
使用方法:
```matlab
% 生成随机源符号序列
source = randi([1 10], [1 100]);
% 对源符号进行Huffman编码
[coded, dict] = huffman_encode(source);
% 输出编码字典和编码结果
disp('编码字典:');
disp(dict);
disp('编码结果:');
disp(coded);
```
这个程序会输出编码字典和编码结果。编码字典是一个结构体数组,每个元素包含一个符号和它的编码。编码结果是一个字符串,里面包含了源符号序列的Huffman编码。
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