农夫过河问题 matlab,农夫过河问题 宽搜(bfs)算法详解
时间: 2023-11-03 17:18:23 浏览: 149
农夫过河问题是一个经典的人工智能问题,可以用来介绍搜索算法。问题描述如下:
一个农夫带着一只狼、一只羊和一筐菜过河,只有一条小船,小船最多只能装下农夫和另外一只动物或者一筐菜。当农夫不在场时,狼会吃羊,羊会吃菜。请问农夫如何能够安全地把这三样东西都带过河?
下面是使用Matlab实现的代码:
```matlab
% 农夫过河问题
% 1表示农夫、2表示狼、3表示羊、4表示菜
% 初始状态为[1,2,3,4,0],目标状态为[0,0,0,0,1]
% 状态表示为[a,b,c,d,e],其中a,b,c,d表示四个位置上的状态,e表示小船的位置
% 0表示该位置上无人或无物
function main()
start = [1,2,3,4,0];
goal = [0,0,0,0,1];
path = bfs(start, goal);
if isempty(path)
disp('无解');
else
disp('解为:');
disp(path);
end
end
function path = bfs(start, goal)
queue = [start, 0];
visited = [start];
path = [];
while ~isempty(queue)
node = queue(1, :);
queue(1, :) = [];
if isequal(node(1:5), goal)
path = [node(6); path];
while node(6) ~= 0
node = visited(node(6), :);
path = [node(6); path];
end
return;
end
for i = 1:4
if node(5) == 0 && node(i) == 1
next = node;
next(i) = 0;
next(5) = 1;
if ~ismember(next, visited, 'rows')
queue = [queue; next, size(visited, 1) + 1];
visited = [visited; next];
end
elseif node(5) == 1 && node(i) == 0
next = node;
next(i) = 1;
next(5) = 0;
if ~ismember(next(1:5), visited, 'rows') && is_valid(next)
queue = [queue; next, size(visited, 1) + 1];
visited = [visited; next(1:5)];
end
elseif node(5) == 0 && node(i) ~= 1 && node(i) ~= 0
next = node;
next(i) = 0;
next(5) = 1;
if ~ismember(next(1:5), visited, 'rows') && is_valid(next)
queue = [queue; next, size(visited, 1) + 1];
visited = [visited; next(1:5)];
end
elseif node(5) == 1 && node(i) ~= 1 && node(i) ~= 0
next = node;
next(i) = 1;
next(5) = 0;
if ~ismember(next(1:5), visited, 'rows') && is_valid(next)
queue = [queue; next, size(visited, 1) + 1];
visited = [visited; next(1:5)];
end
end
end
end
end
function valid = is_valid(node)
if node(2) == 3 && node(3) == 4 && node(5) == 0
valid = false;
elseif node(2) == 0 && node(3) == 4 && node(5) == 1
valid = false;
elseif node(2) == 3 && node(3) == 0 && node(5) == 1
valid = false;
elseif node(2) == 0 && node(3) == 0 && node(5) == 0
valid = false;
else
valid = true;
end
end
```
其中,bfs函数是使用宽搜算法实现的,is_valid函数用来判断当前状态是否合法。程序运行后会输出解的路径,如果无解则会输出“无解”。
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