void loadData() {//读取数据：图书 ifstream inFile("data.txt"); string line; while (getline(inFile, line)) { string name, author, publisher; int pages, stock; double price; int year, month, day; sscanf(line.c_str(), "%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%d,%d-%d-%d,%d,%lf", &name[0], &author[0], &publisher[0], &pages, &year, &month, &day, &stock, &price); Time latestTime(year, month, day); Book b(name, author, publisher, pages, latestTime, stock, price); books.push_back(b); } inFile.close(); } string类型的name中应该怎么修改

在使用sscanf函数时，可以将name参数改为一个字符数组，然后将读取到的name字符串拷贝到该字符数组中，例如：

char name[100];
sscanf(line.c_str(), "%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%d,%d-%d-%d,%d,%lf", name, &author[0], &publisher[0], &pages, &year, &month, &day, &stock, &price);
Book b(name, author, publisher, pages, latestTime, stock, price);

这样就可以正确读取数据并创建Book对象了。

相关问题

class BookRecord{//入库记录类 public: string name; string author; string publisher; int pages; Time latestTime; double price; int account; public: BookRecord(string n, string a, string p, int pg,Time lt , int acc,double pr): name(n), author(a), publisher(p), pages(pg), latestTime(lt),account(acc),price(pr) {} void loadData() {//读取数据：图书 ifstream inFile("data.txt"); string line; while (getline(inFile, line)) { string name, author, publisher; int pages, stock; double price; int year, month, day; sscanf(line.c_str(), "%[^,],%[^,],%[^,],%d,%d-%d-%d,%d,%lf", &name[0], &author[0], &publisher[0], &pages, &year, &month, &day, &stock, &price); Time latestTime(year, month, day); Book b(name, author, publisher, pages, latestTime, stock, price); books.push_back(b); } inFile.close(); } 数据怎么读取不成功怎么修改？

如果你在读取数据时遇到了问题，可以尝试一些调试方法来找出具体问题所在：

1. 确认文件路径：首先要确保文件路径正确，否则无法读取到数据。
2. 输出调试信息：在读取数据时，可以在每一行代码后面输出一些调试信息，比如输出读取的行数据看是否正确，或者输出变量值看是否符合预期等。
3. 检查数据格式：在读取每一行数据时，需要确保字符串格式和数据类型匹配，如果不匹配则会读取失败。可以使用一些调试工具或者输出数据类型来检查数据格式是否正确。

另外，你的代码中使用了 `sscanf` 函数来解析每一行数据，这个函数的使用需要非常谨慎，容易出现错误。你可以使用更加安全的 `std::stringstream` 来解析数据，具体实现可以参考以下代码：

void loadData() {
    ifstream inFile("data.txt");
    if (!inFile.is_open()) {
        cout << "无法打开文件!\n";
        return;
    }

    string line;
    while (getline(inFile, line)) {
        stringstream ss(line); // 将字符串转换为 stringstream 对象
        string name, author, publisher;
        int pages, stock, year, month, day;
        double price;
        getline(ss, name, ',');
        getline(ss, author, ',');
        getline(ss, publisher, ',');
        ss >> pages;
        ss.ignore();
        ss >> year;
        ss.ignore();
        ss >> month;
        ss.ignore();
        ss >> day;
        ss.ignore();
        ss >> stock;
        ss.ignore();
        ss >> price;

        Time latestTime(year, month, day);
        Book b(name, author, publisher, pages, latestTime, stock, price);
        books.push_back(b);
    }

    inFile.close();
}

这段代码使用 `stringstream` 对象将字符串解析成各个数据类型，相对来说更加安全可靠。

Windows下实现 C/C++下TCP, 服务器/客户端 "多人聊天室",客户端用户需要先注册再登陆，用户的注册信息保存在txt文件中，由服务器读取txt文件并接受用户客户端的连接,不能使用unistd.h库中的内容

实现一个 TCP 多人聊天室需要以下几个步骤：

1. 创建服务器端和客户端的套接字
2. 将服务器端套接字绑定到一个 IP 地址和端口号上，并监听客户端的连接请求
3. 当有客户端连接时，服务器端接受连接请求，创建一个新的线程处理客户端的请求
4. 在客户端连接成功后，客户端先进行注册，将注册信息发送给服务器端进行验证，如果验证通过，则允许客户端登录聊天室
5. 客户端登录成功后，可以向服务器端发送消息，服务器端将消息转发给所有在线的客户端
6. 客户端可以随时退出聊天室，服务器端也会将其从在线列表中删除

以下是一个示例代码，其中用户的注册信息保存在 "user.txt" 文件中，每行包含用户名和密码，使用空格分隔。

服务器端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define MAX_CLIENTS 10

struct User {
    std::string name;
    std::string password;
};

std::vector<User> users;
std::vector<SOCKET> clients;

void load_users() {
    std::ifstream file("user.txt");
    if (!file.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Error: cannot open file 'user.txt'" << std::endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(file, line)) {
        std::istringstream iss(line);
        std::string name, password;
        iss >> name >> password;
        users.push_back({name, password});
    }
}

bool authenticate(const std::string& name, const std::string& password) {
    for (const auto& user : users) {
        if (user.name == name && user.password == password) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void handle_client(SOCKET client_socket) {
    char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
    std::string name;
    bool authenticated = false;
    while (true) {
        int bytes_received = recv(client_socket, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
        if (bytes_received == SOCKET_ERROR) {
            std::cerr << "Error: failed to receive data from client" << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        if (bytes_received == 0) {
            std::cout << "Client disconnected" << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        std::string message(buffer, bytes_received);
        if (!authenticated) {
            std::istringstream iss(message);
            std::string command, username, password;
            iss >> command >> username >> password;
            if (command == "REGISTER") {
                bool found = false;
                for (const auto& user : users) {
                    if (user.name == username) {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (found) {
                    std::string response = "ERROR User already exists\n";
                    send(client_socket, response.c_str(), response.size(), 0);
                } else {
                    users.push_back({username, password});
                    std::string response = "OK Registered successfully\n";
                    send(client_socket, response.c_str(), response.size(), 0);
                }
            } else if (command == "LOGIN") {
                if (authenticate(username, password)) {
                    name = username;
                    authenticated = true;
                    clients.push_back(client_socket);
                    std::string response = "OK Logged in successfully\n";
                    send(client_socket, response.c_str(), response.size(), 0);
                    std::cout << "Client " << name << " connected" << std::endl;
                } else {
                    std::string response = "ERROR Invalid username or password\n";
                    send(client_socket, response.c_str(), response.size(), 0);
                }
            } else {
                std::string response = "ERROR Invalid command\n";
                send(client_socket, response.c_str(), response.size(), 0);
            }
        } else {
            std::string message_with_name = name + ": " + message;
            for (const auto& client : clients) {
                if (client != client_socket) {
                    send(client, message_with_name.c_str(), message_with_name.size(), 0);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    closesocket(client_socket);
    clients.erase(std::remove(clients.begin(), clients.end(), client_socket), clients.end());
}

int main() {
    WSADATA wsa_data;
    int result = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data);
    if (result != 0) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to initialize Winsock" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    load_users();
    SOCKET server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (server_socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to create server socket" << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    sockaddr_in server_address;
    server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    server_address.sin_port = htons(1234);
    result = bind(server_socket, (sockaddr*)&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to bind server socket" << std::endl;
        closesocket(server_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    result = listen(server_socket, MAX_CLIENTS);
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to listen on server socket" << std::endl;
        closesocket(server_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    std::cout << "Server started" << std::endl;
    while (true) {
        sockaddr_in client_address;
        int client_address_size = sizeof(client_address);
        SOCKET client_socket = accept(server_socket, (sockaddr*)&client_address, &client_address_size);
        if (client_socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
            std::cerr << "Error: failed to accept client connection" << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        std::thread t(handle_client, client_socket);
        t.detach();
    }
    closesocket(server_socket);
    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}

客户端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

int main() {
    WSADATA wsa_data;
    int result = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data);
    if (result != 0) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to initialize Winsock" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    SOCKET client_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (client_socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to create client socket" << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    sockaddr_in server_address;
    server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    server_address.sin_port = htons(1234);
    result = connect(client_socket, (sockaddr*)&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
    if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to connect to server" << std::endl;
        closesocket(client_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    std::cout << "Connected to server" << std::endl;
    std::string name, password;
    std::cout << "Enter your name: ";
    std::cin >> name;
    std::cout << "Enter your password: ";
    std::cin >> password;
    std::string request = "LOGIN " + name + " " + password + "\n";
    send(client_socket, request.c_str(), request.size(), 0);
    char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
    int bytes_received = recv(client_socket, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
    if (bytes_received == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        std::cerr << "Error: failed to receive data from server" << std::endl;
        closesocket(client_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }
    std::string response(buffer, bytes_received);
    if (response == "OK Logged in successfully\n") {
        std::cout << "Logged in successfully" << std::endl;
        std::thread t([&client_socket]() {
            while (true) {
                char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
                int bytes_received = recv(client_socket, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
                if (bytes_received == SOCKET_ERROR) {
                    std::cerr << "Error: failed to receive data from server" << std::endl;
                    break;
                }
                if (bytes_received == 0) {
                    std::cout << "Server disconnected" << std::endl;
                    break;
                }
                std::string message(buffer, bytes_received);
                std::cout << message;
            }
            closesocket(client_socket);
            exit(0);
        });
        t.detach();
        while (true) {
            std::string message;
            std::getline(std::cin, message);
            if (message == "QUIT") {
                break;
            }
            send(client_socket, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0);
        }
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Error: " << response;
    }
    closesocket(client_socket);
    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}