在运行以下R代码时：library(glmnet) library(ggplot2) # 生成5030的随机数据和30个变量 set.seed(1111) n <- 50 p <- 30 X <- matrix(runif(n * p), n, p) y <- rnorm(n) # 生成三组不同系数的线性模型 beta1 <- c(rep(1, 3), rep(0, p - 3)) beta2 <- c(rep(0, 10), rep(1, 3), rep(0, p - 13)) beta3 <- c(rep(0, 20), rep(1, 3), rep(0, p - 23)) y1 <- X %% beta1 + rnorm(n) y2 <- X %% beta2 + rnorm(n) y3 <- X %*% beta3 + rnorm(n) # 设置交叉验证折数 k <- 10 # 设置不同的lambda值 lambda_seq <- 10^seq(10, -2, length.out = 100) # 执行交叉验证和岭回归，并记录CV error和Prediction error cv_error <- list() pred_error <- list() for (i in 1:3) { # 交叉验证 cvfit <- cv.glmnet(X, switch(i, y1, y2, y3), alpha = 0, lambda = lambda_seq, nfolds = k) cv_error[[i]] <- cvfit$cvm # 岭回归 fit <- glmnet(X, switch(i, y1, y2, y3), alpha = 0, lambda = lambda_seq) pred_error[[i]] <- apply(X, 2, function(x) { x_mat <- matrix(x, nrow = n, ncol = p, byrow = TRUE) mean((switch(i, y1, y2, y3) - predict(fit, newx = x_mat))^2) }) } # 绘制图形 par(mfrow = c(3, 2), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1), oma = c(0, 0, 2, 0)) for (i in 1:3) { # CV error plot(log10(lambda_seq), cv_error[[i]], type = "l", xlab = expression(log10), ylab = "CV error", main = paste0("Model ", i)) abline(v = log10(cvfit$lambda.min), col = "red") # Prediction error plot(log10(lambda_seq), pred_error[[i]], type = "l", xlab = expression(log10), ylab = "Prediction error", main = paste0("Model ", i)) abline(v = log10(lambda_seq[which.min(pred_error[[i]])]), col = "red") }。出现了以下问题：Error in h(simpleError(msg, call)) : 在为'mean'函数选择方法时评估'x'参数出了错: non-conformable arrays 。请对原代码进行修正

在执行 apply 函数时，参数 x 传递的是一个 n x p 的矩阵，而 predict 函数返回的是一个 n x length(lambda_seq) 的矩阵，两者的列数不同，导致无法进行矩阵运算。可以将 predict 函数的结果转置后再进行计算，修改后的代码如下：

cv_error <- list()
pred_error <- list()

for (i in 1:3) {
  # 交叉验证
  cvfit <- cv.glmnet(X, switch(i, y1, y2, y3), alpha = 0, lambda = lambda_seq, nfolds = k)
  cv_error[[i]] <- cvfit$cvm
  
  # 岭回归
  fit <- glmnet(X, switch(i, y1, y2, y3), alpha = 0, lambda = lambda_seq)
  pred_error[[i]] <- apply(X, 2, function(x) {
    x_mat <- matrix(x, nrow = n, ncol = p, byrow = TRUE)
    pred <- predict(fit, newx = x_mat)
    pred <- t(pred) # 转置
    mean((switch(i, y1, y2, y3) - pred)^2)
  })
}

# 绘制图形
par(mfrow = c(3, 2), mar = c(4, 4, 2, 1), oma = c(0, 0, 2, 0))
for (i in 1:3) {
  # CV error plot
  plot(log10(lambda_seq), cv_error[[i]], type = "l", xlab = expression(log10), ylab = "CV error", main = paste0("Model ", i))
  abline(v = log10(cvfit$lambda.min), col = "red")
  
  # Prediction error plot
  plot(log10(lambda_seq), pred_error[[i]], type = "l", xlab = expression(log10), ylab = "Prediction error", main = paste0("Model ", i))
  abline(v = log10(lambda_seq[which.min(pred_error[[i]])]), col = "red")
}