翻译代码 public static String formattedOutput(ArrayList<ECCEG.CipherPair> data) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(ECCEG.CipherPair pairpoint:data){ EllipticalCurve.Point p1=pairpoint.getP1(); EllipticalCurve.Point p2=pairpoint.getP2(); sb.append("[("); sb.append(p1.getX().toString(16)); sb.append(","); sb.append(p1.getY().toString(16)); sb.append("), ("); sb.append(p2.getX().toString(16)); sb.append(","); sb.append(p2.getY().toString(16)); sb.append(")]"); sb.append("\n"); } return sb.toString(); }

这段代码的作用是将一个 ArrayList 中的数据按照一定格式进行输出。具体来说，它会遍历 ArrayList 中的每个 ECCEG.CipherPair 对象，获取其中存储的两个椭圆曲线上的点，并将它们按照 "(x1,y1), (x2,y2)" 的格式输出到 StringBuilder 中。每个输出之间会用 "[]" 包裹，并在输出的最后加上一个换行符。最终，这个方法会返回 StringBuilder 中存储的字符串。

相关问题

java8实现：将List<ADto>出力成csv文件。参数为List<ADto>、ADto.class、filePath

可以使用Java 8提供的Stream API来实现将List<ADto>输出成csv文件的功能。具体实现步骤如下：

1. 定义csv文件的列头信息。

2. 使用Stream API将List<ADto>转换为List<String[]>，其中每个String数组表示一行csv数据。

3. 使用Java 8提供的Files.write()方法将List<String[]>写入到csv文件中。

以下是完整的代码实现：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class CsvUtil {

    /**
     * 将List<ADto>输出成csv文件
     *
     * @param dataList 数据列表
     * @param clazz    数据类
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     */
    public static <T> void writeCsv(List<T> dataList, Class<T> clazz, String filePath) throws IOException {
        // 定义csv文件的列头信息
        String[] headers = getFieldNames(clazz);

        // 将List<ADto>转换为List<String[]>，其中每个String数组表示一行csv数据
        List<String[]> rows = dataList.stream()
                .map(data -> {
                    String[] row = new String[headers.length];
                    for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
                        try {
                            Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(headers[i]);
                            field.setAccessible(true);
                            Object value = field.get(data);
                            row[i] = value == null ? "" : value.toString();
                        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    return row;
                })
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        // 将List<String[]>写入到csv文件中
        Files.write(Paths.get(filePath), encodeCsv(rows).getBytes());
    }

    /**
     * 获取类的所有字段名
     */
    private static <T> String[] getFieldNames(Class<T> clazz) {
        return Stream.of(clazz.getDeclaredFields())
                .map(Field::getName)
                .toArray(String[]::new);
    }

    /**
     * 编码csv数据
     */
    private static String encodeCsv(List<String[]> rows) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (String[] row : rows) {
            for (int i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
                sb.append(row[i]);
                if (i < row.length - 1) {
                    sb.append(",");
                }
            }
            sb.append("\n");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

使用示例：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // 构造数据列表
    List<ADto> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
    dataList.add(new ADto("001", "foo", 20));
    dataList.add(new ADto("002", "bar", 30));

    // 输出csv文件
    CsvUtil.writeCsv(dataList, ADto.class, "output.csv");
}

其中ADto为数据类，定义如下：

public class ADto {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public ADto(String id, String name, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

cart分类算法 java代码

以下是一个简单的使用 CART 决策树算法的 Java 代码示例：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class CART {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 构造训练集数据
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData = new ArrayList<>();
        HashMap<String, String> data1 = new HashMap<>();
        data1.put("age", "青年");
        data1.put("income", "高");
        data1.put("student", "否");
        data1.put("credit_rating", "一般");
        data1.put("class", "不放贷");
        trainData.add(data1);
        HashMap<String, String> data2 = new HashMap<>();
        data2.put("age", "青年");
        data2.put("income", "高");
        data2.put("student", "否");
        data2.put("credit_rating", "好");
        data2.put("class", "不放贷");
        trainData.add(data2);
        HashMap<String, String> data3 = new HashMap<>();
        data3.put("age", "中年");
        data3.put("income", "高");
        data3.put("student", "否");
        data3.put("credit_rating", "好");
        data3.put("class", "放贷");
        trainData.add(data3);
        HashMap<String, String> data4 = new HashMap<>();
        data4.put("age", "中年");
        data4.put("income", "中等");
        data4.put("student", "否");
        data4.put("credit_rating", "好");
        data4.put("class", "放贷");
        trainData.add(data4);
        HashMap<String, String> data5 = new HashMap<>();
        data5.put("age", "中年");
        data5.put("income", "中等");
        data5.put("student", "是");
        data5.put("credit_rating", "一般");
        data5.put("class", "放贷");
        trainData.add(data5);
        HashMap<String, String> data6 = new HashMap<>();
        data6.put("age", "老年");
        data6.put("income", "中等");
        data6.put("student", "是");
        data6.put("credit_rating", "好");
        data6.put("class", "放贷");
        trainData.add(data6);
        HashMap<String, String> data7 = new HashMap<>();
        data7.put("age", "老年");
        data7.put("income", "低");
        data7.put("student", "是");
        data7.put("credit_rating", "好");
        data7.put("class", "不放贷");
        trainData.add(data7);
        HashMap<String, String> data8 = new HashMap<>();
        data8.put("age", "老年");
        data8.put("income", "低");
        data8.put("student", "否");
        data8.put("credit_rating", "一般");
        data8.put("class", "不放贷");
        trainData.add(data8);
        
        // 训练决策树模型
        DecisionTreeModel model = train(trainData);
        System.out.println("决策树模型：" + model);
        
        // 预测新数据
        HashMap<String, String> newData = new HashMap<>();
        newData.put("age", "青年");
        newData.put("income", "中等");
        newData.put("student", "否");
        newData.put("credit_rating", "一般");
        String result = predict(newData, model);
        System.out.println("新数据预测结果：" + result);
    }
    
    /**
     * 训练决策树模型
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @return 决策树模型
     */
    public static DecisionTreeModel train(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData) {
        // 获取训练集属性列表
        ArrayList<String> attributeList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String key : trainData.get(0).keySet()) {
            attributeList.add(key);
        }
        // 构建决策树模型
        DecisionTreeModel model = new DecisionTreeModel();
        buildDecisionTree(trainData, attributeList, model);
        return model;
    }
    
    /**
     * 构建决策树
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @param attributeList 属性列表
     * @param model 决策树模型
     */
    public static void buildDecisionTree(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData, ArrayList<String> attributeList, DecisionTreeModel model) {
        // 如果训练集中所有数据属于同一类别，则将当前节点设置为叶子节点，并返回
        boolean isSameClass = true;
        String firstClass = trainData.get(0).get("class");
        for (HashMap<String, String> data : trainData) {
            if (!data.get("class").equals(firstClass)) {
                isSameClass = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (isSameClass) {
            model.isLeaf = true;
            model.className = firstClass;
            return;
        }
        // 如果属性列表为空，则将当前节点设置为叶子节点，并将其类别设置为训练集中最常见的类别
        if (attributeList.isEmpty()) {
            model.isLeaf = true;
            model.className = getMostCommonClass(trainData);
            return;
        }
        // 选择最佳属性（即使得信息增益最大的属性）
        String bestAttribute = getBestAttribute(trainData, attributeList);
        model.attributeName = bestAttribute;
        // 根据最佳属性分裂训练集
        ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> splitDataList = splitData(trainData, bestAttribute);
        // 递归构建子树
        ArrayList<String> newAttributeList = new ArrayList<>(attributeList);
        newAttributeList.remove(bestAttribute); // 在属性列表中删除已经使用的属性
        for (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> splitData : splitDataList) {
            DecisionTreeModel subModel = new DecisionTreeModel();
            model.subModelList.add(subModel);
            buildDecisionTree(splitData, newAttributeList, subModel);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 预测新数据
     * @param newData 新数据
     * @param model 决策树模型
     * @return 预测结果
     */
    public static String predict(HashMap<String, String> newData, DecisionTreeModel model) {
        // 如果当前节点是叶子节点，则返回其类别
        if (model.isLeaf) {
            return model.className;
        }
        // 根据当前节点的属性进行分裂
        String attributeValue = newData.get(model.attributeName);
        for (DecisionTreeModel subModel : model.subModelList) {
            if (subModel.attributeValue.equals(attributeValue)) {
                return predict(newData, subModel);
            }
        }
        // 如果当前节点没有与新数据匹配的子节点，则将其类别设置为训练集中最常见的类别
        return getMostCommonClass(model.trainData);
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取训练集中最常见的类别
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @return 最常见的类别
     */
    public static String getMostCommonClass(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData) {
        HashMap<String, Integer> classCountMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (HashMap<String, String> data : trainData) {
            String className = data.get("class");
            if (classCountMap.containsKey(className)) {
                classCountMap.put(className, classCountMap.get(className) + 1);
            } else {
                classCountMap.put(className, 1);
            }
        }
        String mostCommonClass = "";
        int maxCount = -1;
        for (String className : classCountMap.keySet()) {
            int count = classCountMap.get(className);
            if (count > maxCount) {
                mostCommonClass = className;
                maxCount = count;
            }
        }
        return mostCommonClass;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取训练集中最佳属性
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @param attributeList 属性列表
     * @return 最佳属性
     */
    public static String getBestAttribute(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData, ArrayList<String> attributeList) {
        String bestAttribute = "";
        double maxInformationGain = -1;
        for (String attribute : attributeList) {
            double informationGain = calculateInformationGain(trainData, attribute);
            if (informationGain > maxInformationGain) {
                bestAttribute = attribute;
                maxInformationGain = informationGain;
            }
        }
        return bestAttribute;
    }
    
    /**
     * 根据指定属性值分裂训练集
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @param attributeName 属性名称
     * @return 分裂后的数据集列表
     */
    public static ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> splitData(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData, String attributeName) {
        ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> splitDataList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (HashMap<String, String> data : trainData) {
            String attributeValue = data.get(attributeName);
            boolean isSplitDataExist = false;
            for (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> splitData : splitDataList) {
                if (splitData.get(0).get(attributeName).equals(attributeValue)) {
                    splitData.add(data);
                    isSplitDataExist = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isSplitDataExist) {
                ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> newSplitData = new ArrayList<>();
                newSplitData.add(data);
                splitDataList.add(newSplitData);
            }
        }
        for (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> splitData : splitDataList) {
            if (splitData.size() > 0) {
                String attributeValue = splitData.get(0).get(attributeName);
                DecisionTreeModel subModel = new DecisionTreeModel();
                subModel.attributeName = attributeName;
                subModel.attributeValue = attributeValue;
                subModel.trainData = splitData;
            }
        }
        return splitDataList;
    }
    
    /**
     * 计算指定属性的信息增益
     * @param trainData 训练集数据
     * @param attributeName 属性名称
     * @return 信息增益
     */
    public static double calculateInformationGain(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData, String attributeName) {
        // 计算训练集的熵
        double entropy = calculateEntropy(trainData);
        // 计算分裂后的熵
        double splitEntropy = 0;
        ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> splitDataList = splitData(trainData, attributeName);
        for (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> splitData : splitDataList) {
            double splitDataEntropy = calculateEntropy(splitData);
            double splitDataProbability = (double) splitData.size() / trainData.size();
            splitEntropy += splitDataEntropy * splitDataProbability;
        }
        // 计算信息增益
        double informationGain = entropy - splitEntropy;
        return informationGain;
    }
    
    /**
     * 计算数据集的熵
     * @param dataList 数据集
     * @return 熵
     */
    public static double calculateEntropy(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> dataList) {
        HashMap<String, Integer> classCountMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (HashMap<String, String> data : dataList) {
            String className = data.get("class");
            if (classCountMap.containsKey(className)) {
                classCountMap.put(className, classCountMap.get(className) + 1);
            } else {
                classCountMap.put(className, 1);
            }
        }
        double entropy = 0;
        for (String className : classCountMap.keySet()) {
            double probability = (double) classCountMap.get(className) / dataList.size();
            entropy -= probability * Math.log(probability) / Math.log(2);
        }
        return entropy;
    }
    
}

/**
 * 决策树模型
 */
class DecisionTreeModel {
    
    public boolean isLeaf; // 是否是叶子节点
    public String attributeName; // 分裂属性名称
    public String attributeValue; // 分裂属性值
    public ArrayList<DecisionTreeModel> subModelList; // 子模型列表
    public String className; // 类别名称
    public ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trainData; // 训练集数据
    
    public DecisionTreeModel() {
        this.isLeaf = false;
        this.attributeName = "";
        this.attributeValue = "";
        this.subModelList = new ArrayList<>();
        this.className = "";
        this.trainData = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (isLeaf) {
            sb.append(className);
        } else {
            sb.append(attributeName + " -> ");
            for (DecisionTreeModel subModel : subModelList) {
                sb.append(subModel.attributeValue + ": " + subModel.toString() + "; ");
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    
}

这个示例代码实现了一个简化的 CART 决策树算法，并提供了训练和预测的方法。由于数据集比较小，所以没有进行剪枝等优化操作。在实际应用中，可以根据具体情况进行改进。