def plot_3d(ax):

这似乎是一个编程问题，我可以给你一个 Python 代码片段进行参考：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def plot_3d(ax):
# 随机生成数据
X, Y, Z = np.random.rand(10), np.random.rand(10), np.random.rand(10)
# 绘制 3D 散点图
ax.scatter(X, Y, Z)
# 设置坐标轴标签
ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')

# 创建画布
fig = plt.figure()
# 创建 3D 坐标系
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# 绘制 3D 散点图
plot_3d(ax)
# 显示画布
plt.show()

相关问题

import numpy as np from numpy.ma import cos import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib import cm from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D import datetime import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") np.random.seed(2022) DNA_SIZE = 24 #编码长度 POP_SIZE =100 #种群大小 CROSS_RATE = 0.8 #交叉率 MUTA_RATE = 0.15 #变异率 Iterations = 10 #代次数 X_BOUND = [0,10] #X区间 Y_BOUND = [0,10] #Y区间 ########## Begin ########## # 适应度函数 def F(x, y): return # 对数据进行编码 def decodeDNA(pop): #解码 x_pop = pop[:,1::2] #奇数列表示X y_pop = pop[:,::2] #偶数列表示y # 适应度评估 def getfitness(pop): x,y = decodeDNA(pop) # 选择 def select(pop, fitness): # 根据适应度选择 temp = return pop[temp] # 交叉 def crossmuta(pop, CROSS_RATE): # 变异 def mutation(temp, MUTA_RATE): ########## End ########## def print_info(pop): #用于输出结果 fitness = getfitness(pop) maxfitness = np.argmax(fitness) #返回最大值的索引值 print("max_fitness:", fitness[maxfitness]) x,y = decodeDNA(pop) print("最优的基因型：", pop[maxfitness]) print("(x, y):", (x[maxfitness], y[maxfitness])) print("F(x,y)_max = ",F(x[maxfitness],y[maxfitness])) def plot_3d(ax): X = np.linspace(*X_BOUND, 100) Y = np.linspace(*Y_BOUND, 100) X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y) Z = F(X, Y) ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm) ax.set_zlim(-20, 100) ax.set_xlabel('x') ax.set_ylabel('y') ax.set_zlabel('z') plt.pause(3) # plt.show() start_t = datetime.datetime.now() if __name__ == "__main__": fig = plt.figure() ax = Axes3D(fig) plt.ion() plot_3d(ax) pop = np.random.randint(2, size=(POP_SIZE, DNA_SIZE * 2)) for _ in range(Iterations): # 迭代N代 x, y = decodeDNA(pop) if 'sca' in locals(): sca.remove() sca = ax.scatter(x, y, F(x, y), c='black', marker='o'); # plt.show(); plt.pause(0.1) pop = np.array(crossmuta(pop, CROSS_RATE)) fitness = getfitness(pop) pop = select(pop, fitness) # 选择生成新的种群 end_t = datetime.datetime.now() print_info(pop) plt.ioff() plot_3d(ax) plt.savefig("/data/workspace/myshixun/step1/student/img.jpg")

这是一个Python代码段，使用了numpy、matplotlib和mpl_toolkits.mplot3d库进行科学计算和可视化。其中，DNA_SIZE变量表示DNA序列的长度，其他代码用于生成随机数并在三维空间中绘制某些数据。也使用了warnings库来忽略警告信息。

以下代码有什么问题def cal_total_distance(routine): '''The objective function. input routine, return total distance. cal_total_distance(np.arange(num_points)) ''' num_points, = routine.shape return sum([distance_matrix[routine[i % num_points], routine[(i + 1) % num_points]] for i in range(num_points)]) # 蚁群算法 from sko.ACA import ACA_TSP aca = ACA_TSP(func=cal_total_distance, n_dim=num_points, size_pop=50, max_iter=200, distance_matrix=distance_matrix) best_x, best_y = aca.run() fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2) best_points_ = np.concatenate([best_x, [best_x[0]]]) best_points_coordinate = points_coordinate[best_points_, :] ax[0].plot(best_points_coordinate[:, 0], best_points_coordinate[:, 1], 'o-r') pd.DataFrame(aca.y_best_history).cummin().plot(ax=ax[1]) plt.show() print(best_points_) print(best_y)

这段代码有两个问题：

1. 在函数 `cal_total_distance` 中，变量 `num_points` 没有定义，应该在调用该函数之前定义该变量。
2. 在代码中缺少必要的库导入，如 `numpy` 和 `matplotlib` 库，需要在代码开头导入这些库。

下面是修改后的代码：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

def cal_total_distance(routine, distance_matrix, num_points):
    '''The objective function. input routine, return total distance.
    cal_total_distance(np.arange(num_points), distance_matrix, num_points)
    '''
    return sum([distance_matrix[routine[i % num_points], routine[(i + 1) % num_points]] for i in range(num_points)])

# 蚁群算法
from sko.ACA import ACA_TSP

num_points = 10
distance_matrix = np.random.rand(num_points, num_points)

aca = ACA_TSP(func=cal_total_distance, n_dim=num_points, distance_matrix=distance_matrix,
              size_pop=50, max_iter=200)

best_x, best_y = aca.run()

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2)
best_points_ = np.concatenate([best_x, [best_x[0]]])
best_points_coordinate = points_coordinate[best_points_, :]
ax[0].plot(best_points_coordinate[:, 0], best_points_coordinate[:, 1], 'o-r')
pd.DataFrame(aca.y_best_history).cummin().plot(ax=ax[1])
plt.show()

print(best_points_)
print(best_y)