char **argv = calloc(argc +1 , sizeof(*argv))是什么意思?
时间: 2023-07-23 22:27:57 浏览: 146
这段代码用于动态分配一个字符串数组,数组的大小为 `argc + 1`。其中,`argc` 表示程序运行时命令行参数的个数,`+1` 是为了给最后一个元素留出一个空间,用于存储 `NULL` 指针,表示字符串数组的结尾。
这个字符串数组的类型为 `char**`,即一个指向 `char*` 类型的指针数组。我们使用 `calloc()` 函数分配该数组的内存空间,并将所有元素初始化为 0。`sizeof(*argv)` 的结果是 `sizeof(char*)`,即一个指针变量的大小。因此,`calloc(argc + 1, sizeof(*argv))` 分配的内存大小为 `(argc + 1) * sizeof(char*)`。
这段代码通常用于在程序中处理命令行参数,例如:
```c
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
char** args = calloc(argc + 1, sizeof(*args));
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
args[i] = argv[i];
}
args[argc] = NULL;
// ...
free(args);
return 0;
}
```
在这个例子中,我们将 `argv` 中的所有命令行参数复制到 `args` 中,并且在最后一个元素处设置为 `NULL`,表示字符串数组的结尾。最后,我们需要使用 `free()` 函数释放 `args` 所分配的内存空间。
相关问题
使用c语言完成,实验内容一:1. 指向函数的指针变量的定义和引用;2. 返回指针值的函数的定义和引用;3. 指向函数的指针变量作为函数参数。 实验内容二:多级指针。1、输入N个字符串,运用指针数组操作对其排序;2、定义一个二维数组,用行指针实现数据的输入与输出;3、验证主函数参数的使用;4、验证内存的动态分配函数的使用
实验内容一:
1. 指向函数的指针变量的定义和引用
指向函数的指针变量,可以指向同一类型的函数。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int main() {
int (*p)(int, int);
p = add;
printf("1 + 2 = %d", p(1, 2));
return 0;
}
```
2. 返回指针值的函数的定义和引用
返回指针值的函数,可以返回指向同一类型的数据的指针。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int* create_array(int size) {
int* arr = (int*) malloc(size * sizeof(int));
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
arr[i] = i + 1;
}
return arr;
}
int main() {
int* arr = create_array(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
free(arr);
return 0;
}
```
3. 指向函数的指针变量作为函数参数
指向函数的指针变量,可以作为函数参数。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int calculate(int a, int b, int (*p)(int, int)) {
return p(a, b);
}
int main() {
printf("1 + 2 = %d", calculate(1, 2, add));
return 0;
}
```
实验内容二:
1. 输入N个字符串,运用指针数组操作对其排序
指针数组可以用来储存字符串的地址,然后通过比较字符串的内容,实现字符串的排序。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_LENGTH 100
#define MAX_NUM 5
int main() {
char str[MAX_NUM][MAX_LENGTH];
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++) {
printf("Enter string %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", str[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_NUM - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < MAX_NUM; j++) {
if (strcmp(str[i], str[j]) > 0) {
char tmp[MAX_LENGTH];
strcpy(tmp, str[i]);
strcpy(str[i], str[j]);
strcpy(str[j], tmp);
}
}
}
printf("Sorted strings:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++) {
printf("%s\n", str[i]);
}
return 0;
}
```
2. 定义一个二维数组,用行指针实现数据的输入与输出
二维数组可以用指针的方式来操作。例如,用一个指针数组来表示二维数组的每一行。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 4
int main() {
int** arr = (int**) malloc(ROWS * sizeof(int*));
for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
arr[i] = (int*) malloc(COLS * sizeof(int));
}
for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
printf("Enter element [%d][%d]: ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &arr[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Entered array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
free(arr[i]);
}
free(arr);
return 0;
}
```
3. 验证主函数参数的使用
主函数的参数可以用来获取命令行参数,例如:
```
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
printf("Program name: %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("Arguments:\n");
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}
```
4. 验证内存的动态分配函数的使用
内存的动态分配函数,包括 malloc、calloc 和 realloc。下面是一个例子:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int* arr = (int*) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
arr[i] = i + 1;
}
int* new_arr = (int*) realloc(arr, 10 * sizeof(int));
if (new_arr != NULL) {
arr = new_arr;
for (int i = 5; i < 10; i++) {
arr[i] = i + 1;
}
}
printf("Array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
free(arr);
return 0;
}
```
IMX8 + Linux + 海康威视 实现获取摄像头 源码
获取海康威视摄像头的源码,需要先了解一下摄像头的型号和接口类型。如果是USB接口的摄像头,可以使用V4L2(UVC)驱动来进行操作。如果是CSI接口的摄像头,需要根据具体的型号和规格书来开发对应的驱动程序。以下是一个使用V4L2驱动的示例程序:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/videodev2.h>
#define CAMERA_DEVICE "/dev/video0"
#define CAPTURE_FILE "frame.raw"
#define IMAGE_WIDTH 640
#define IMAGE_HEIGHT 480
struct buffer {
void *start;
size_t length;
};
static void errno_exit(const char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s error %d, %s\n", s, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int xioctl(int fd, int request, void *arg)
{
int r;
do {
r = ioctl(fd, request, arg);
} while (-1 == r && EINTR == errno);
return r;
}
static void process_image(const void *p, int size)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(CAPTURE_FILE, "wb");
if (fp) {
fwrite(p, size, 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
}
static int read_frame(int fd, struct buffer *buffers)
{
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
return 1;
}
static void mainloop(int fd, struct buffer *buffers)
{
unsigned int count;
count = 100;
while (count-- > 0) {
for (;;) {
fd_set fds;
struct timeval tv;
int r;
FD_ZERO(&fds);
FD_SET(fd, &fds);
tv.tv_sec = 2;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
r = select(fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (-1 == r) {
if (EINTR == errno)
continue;
errno_exit("select");
}
if (0 == r) {
fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (read_frame(fd, buffers))
break;
}
}
}
static void stop_capturing(int fd)
{
enum v4l2_buf_type type;
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");
}
static void start_capturing(int fd, struct buffer *buffers)
{
unsigned int i;
enum v4l2_buf_type type;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = i;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
buffers[i].length = buf.length;
buffers[i].start = mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */, buf.length,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
MAP_SHARED /* recommended */, fd, buf.m.offset);
if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[i].start)
errno_exit("mmap");
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = i;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
}
static void uninit_device(struct buffer *buffers)
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
if (-1 == munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
errno_exit("munmap");
}
static void init_mmap(int fd, struct buffer **buffers, unsigned int *n_buffers)
{
struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"memory mapping\n", CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
if (req.count < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\n",
CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
*buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(**buffers));
if (!*buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (*n_buffers = 0; *n_buffers < req.count; ++*n_buffers) {
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = *n_buffers;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
(*buffers)[*n_buffers].length = buf.length;
(*buffers)[*n_buffers].start = mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */, buf.length,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
MAP_SHARED /* recommended */, fd, buf.m.offset);
if (MAP_FAILED == (*buffers)[*n_buffers].start)
errno_exit("mmap");
}
}
static void init_device(int fd)
{
struct v4l2_capability cap;
struct v4l2_format fmt;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\n", CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");
}
}
if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no video capture device\n", CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\n", CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
CLEAR(fmt);
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
fmt.fmt.pix.width = IMAGE_WIDTH;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = IMAGE_HEIGHT;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_S_FMT");
if (fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat != V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV) {
fprintf(stderr, "Libv4l only supports V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV format\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct buffer *buffers;
unsigned int n_buffers;
int fd = open(CAMERA_DEVICE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
if (-1 == fd) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
init_device(fd);
init_mmap(fd, &buffers, &n_buffers);
start_capturing(fd, buffers);
mainloop(fd, buffers);
stop_capturing(fd);
uninit_device(buffers);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
```
这个程序会从摄像头中获取视频流,并将每一帧保存到文件中。您需要根据自己的需求进行修改。需要注意的是,这个程序只适用于使用V4L2驱动的摄像头,如果您使用的是CSI接口的摄像头,需要开发对应的驱动程序。
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