QChart画动态折线图，C++实现，要求如下：每10毫秒产生一个随机数放进一个队列中，这个队列最多能存放1000个数据；每100毫秒刷新一次视图，将队列中的数据画成折线图

在C++中，利用Qt Charts库创建一个动态折线图并满足上述要求，可以参考以下步骤：

1. **包含必要的头文件**:

#include <QObject>
#include <QThread>
#include <QQueue>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QTime>
#include <random>
#include <QChart>
#include <QChartView>
#include <QLineSeries>
#include <QDateTimeAxis>
#include <QValueAxis>
#include <QTimer>

2. **创建一个类表示数据和队列**:

class DataQueue : public QObject {
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit DataQueue(QObject *parent = nullptr);
    void produceRandomData();
    QVector<QPair<qint64, qreal>> getData();
private:
    QQueue<QPair<qint64, qreal>> queue;
    qint64 lastUpdateTimestamp; // 上次刷新的时间戳
};

3. **生产随机数据和更新队列**:

DataQueue::DataQueue(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) {
    srand(time(nullptr)); // 初始化随机种子
}

void DataQueue::produceRandomData() {
    if (!queue.full()) { // 队列未满
        qint64 timestamp = QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch(); // 当前时间戳
        qreal randomValue = static_cast<qreal>(rand()) / RAND_MAX; // 随机浮点数
        queue.enqueue({timestamp, randomValue});
        lastUpdateTimestamp = timestamp;
    }
}

4. **更新视图函数**:

void updateChart(QChartView *chartView, const DataQueue &dataQueue) {
    if (QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch() - dataQueue.lastUpdateTimestamp > 100000) {
        chartView->chart()->removeAllSeries();
        chartView->chart()->setBackgroundBrush(Qt::transparent); // 清空并透明化背景
    }

    while (!dataQueue.queue.isEmpty() && dataQueue.queue.size() > 1000) {
        dataQueue.queue.pop(); // 删除最旧的数据
    }

    QLineSeries* lineSeries = dynamic_cast<QLineSeries*>(chartView->chart()->seriesAt(0));
    if (!lineSeries) {
        lineSeries = new QLineSeries();
        chartView->chart()->addSeries(lineSeries);
    }

    for (const auto& pair : dataQueue.queue) {
        lineSeries->append(pair.first, pair.second);
    }

    // 更新坐标轴
    QDateAxis *axisX = qobject_cast<QDateAxis*>(chartView->chart()->axes()[0]);
    axisX->setTickCount(0); // 不显示刻度
    QValueAxis *axisY = qobject_cast<QValueAxis*>(chartView->chart()->axes()[1]);
    axisY->setLabelFormat("%.2f"); // 设置Y轴标签格式
    chartView->update();
}

5. **主循环和定时器**:

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    QApplication app(argc, argv);

    DataQueue dataProducer;

    QThread producerThread(&dataProducer);
    producerThread.start();

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(createChart(), this);
    connect(&dataProducer, &DataQueue::produceRandomData, &producerThread, &QThread::exec); // 异步生产数据
    QTimer *timer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, [chartView](QChartView *chartView) {
        updateChart(chartView, dataProducer);
    });
    timer->start(10000); // 每100毫秒刷新

    return app.exec();
}

6. **完整绘图函数**:

QChart *createChart() {
    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::NoAnimation);
    chart->setBackgroundBrush(Qt::transparent);

    QDateAxis *axisX = new QDateTimeAxis();
    axisX->setTickPosition(QDateTimeAxis::Bottom);
    chart->addAxis(axisX, Qt::AlignBottom);
    axisX->setVisible(false);

    QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis();
    axisY->setLabelFormat("%.2f");
    chart->addAxis(axisY, Qt::AlignLeft);
    chartView->chart()->setBackgroundBrush(Qt::transparent);

    QLineSeries *lineSeries = new QLineSeries();
    chart->addSeries(lineSeries);

    return chart;
}