用c语言控制stm32读写spi的代码

### 回答1：
STM32读写SPI的C语言代码可以使用STM32CubeMX和HAL库来实现。下面是一个示例代码：

#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"

SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1;

void MX_SPI1_Init(void)
{

  hspi1.Instance = SPI1;
  hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;
  hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
  hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_2;
  hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  hspi1.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 10;
  if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

}

uint8_t spi_transfer(uint8_t data)
{
    uint8_t recv_data;
    HAL_SPI_TransmitReceive(&hspi1, &data, &recv_data, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
    return recv_data;
}

需要注意的是，上面的代码只是一个示例，需要根据实际情况调整相关的参数。

### 回答2：
#include <stdio.h>
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_spi.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_rcc.h"

void SPI_Init(void)
{
SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;

// 打开SPI时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

// 配置SPI引脚
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource5, GPIO_AF_SPI1); // SCK
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_SPI1); // MISO
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_SPI1); // MOSI

GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

// 配置SPI参数
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_256;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;

SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);

// 打开SPI
SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);
}

void SPI_WriteByte(uint8_t data)
{
// 发送数据
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, data);

// 等待传输完成
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_BSY) == SET);
}

uint8_t SPI_ReadByte(void)
{
// 发送数据
SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, 0xFF);

// 等待数据接收
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET);

// 返回接收到的数据
return SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
}

int main(void)
{
// 初始化SPI
SPI_Init();

// 读写SPI数据
uint8_t data = 0x12;
SPI_WriteByte(data);
uint8_t receivedData = SPI_ReadByte();

return 0;
}

### 回答3：
以下是使用C语言编写的控制STM32读写SPI的代码示例：

#include "stm32f4xx.h"

SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi;

void SPI_Init()
{
  hspi.Instance = SPI1;
  hspi.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;
  hspi.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  hspi.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  hspi.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW;
  hspi.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
  hspi.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  hspi.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_256;
  hspi.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  hspi.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  hspi.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  hspi.Init.CRCPolynomial = 10;
  if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void SPI_Write(uint8_t data)
{
  HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi, &data, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
}

uint8_t SPI_Read()
{
  uint8_t data;
  HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi, &data, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
  return data;
}

int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  SystemClock_Config();

  SPI_Init();

  uint8_t sendData = 0x30;
  SPI_Write(sendData);

  HAL_Delay(1000);

  uint8_t receivedData = SPI_Read();

  while (1)
  {
    // 程序持续运行
  }
}

以上示例代码使用STM32的SPI1接口进行数据的读写操作。在`SPI_Init()`函数中，初始化了SPI的相关参数（如工作模式、数据大小、时钟极性等）。在`SPI_Write()`函数中，通过`HAL_SPI_Transmit()`函数向SPI总线发送数据。在`SPI_Read()`函数中，通过`HAL_SPI_Receive()`函数从SPI总线读取数据。在`main()`函数中，首先初始化SPI接口，然后通过`SPI_Write()`函数向SPI总线发送数据，接着通过`HAL_Delay()`函数延时1秒，最后通过`SPI_Read()`函数从SPI总线读取数据。