输入一个正则表达式,将其转化为NFA用C++实现
时间: 2024-03-05 10:55:09 浏览: 146
好的,我可以帮你解答这个问题。
首先,将正则表达式转化为NFA的过程可以采用Thompson算法,主要包括以下步骤:
1. 将正则表达式转化为后缀表达式;
2. 根据后缀表达式构造NFA。
下面是一个简单的C++代码实现,可以实现将正则表达式转化为NFA的功能:
```
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
// NFA节点结构体
struct NFA_State {
int label; // 节点标号
vector<pair<char, NFA_State*>> transitions; // 转移列表
};
// NFA类
class NFA {
public:
NFA_State *start_state; // 起始节点
NFA_State *accept_state; // 接受节点
};
// 正则表达式转NFA
NFA regex_to_nfa(string regex) {
stack<NFA> nfa_stack;
for (int i = 0; i < regex.size(); i++) {
char c = regex[i];
if (c == '(') {
// 左括号入栈
nfa_stack.push(NFA());
} else if (c == '|') {
// 或运算
NFA n2 = nfa_stack.top();
nfa_stack.pop();
NFA n1 = nfa_stack.top();
nfa_stack.pop();
NFA_State *new_start = new NFA_State();
NFA_State *new_accept = new NFA_State();
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n1.start_state));
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n2.start_state));
n1.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
n2.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
nfa_stack.push(NFA{new_start, new_accept});
} else if (c == '*') {
// Kleene闭包
NFA n = nfa_stack.top();
nfa_stack.pop();
NFA_State *new_start = new NFA_State();
NFA_State *new_accept = new NFA_State();
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n.start_state));
n.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n.start_state));
n.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
nfa_stack.push(NFA{new_start, new_accept});
} else if (c == ')') {
// 右括号出栈
NFA n = nfa_stack.top();
nfa_stack.pop();
if (i < regex.size() && regex[i+1] == '*') {
// 下一个字符是*,说明是Kleene闭包
i++;
NFA_State *new_start = new NFA_State();
NFA_State *new_accept = new NFA_State();
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n.start_state));
n.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', n.start_state));
n.accept_state->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair('\0', new_accept));
nfa_stack.push(NFA{new_start, new_accept});
} else {
// 普通正则表达式
nfa_stack.push(n);
}
} else {
// 普通字符
NFA_State *new_start = new NFA_State();
NFA_State *new_accept = new NFA_State();
new_start->transitions.push_back(make_pair(c, new_accept));
nfa_stack.push(NFA{new_start, new_accept});
}
}
NFA n = nfa_stack.top();
nfa_stack.pop();
return n;
}
int main() {
string regex = "a(b|c)*d";
NFA nfa = regex_to_nfa(regex);
// TODO: 输出NFA
return 0;
}
```
上述代码实现了将正则表达式转化为NFA的功能,但还需要进一步完善,将NFA输出或者转化为DFA等操作。
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