C++红黑树实现Map

当然，我可以帮你实现一个基于红黑树的Map数据结构。下面是一个简单的C++代码示例：

#include <iostream>

enum Color { RED, BLACK };

template <typename K, typename V>
struct Node {
    K key;
    V value;
    Color color;
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
    Node* parent;

    // 构造函数
    Node(const K& k, const V& v, Color c = RED)
        : key(k), value(v), color(c), left(nullptr), right(nullptr), parent(nullptr) {}
};

template <typename K, typename V>
class RBTreeMap {
public:
    RBTreeMap() : root(nullptr) {}

    // 向红黑树中插入键值对
    void insert(const K& key, const V& value) {
        Node<K, V>* node = new Node<K, V>(key, value);
        if (root == nullptr) {
            root = node;
            node->color = BLACK;
        } else {
            Node<K, V>* curr = root;
            Node<K, V>* parent = nullptr;

            while (curr != nullptr) {
                parent = curr;
                if (key < curr->key)
                    curr = curr->left;
                else if (key > curr->key)
                    curr = curr->right;
                else {
                    curr->value = value; // 更新值
                    return;
                }
            }

            node->parent = parent;
            if (key < parent->key)
                parent->left = node;
            else
                parent->right = node;

            insertFixup(node);
        }
    }

    // 查找指定键的值
    V find(const K& key) const {
        Node<K, V>* curr = root;
        while (curr != nullptr) {
            if (key < curr->key)
                curr = curr->left;
            else if (key > curr->key)
                curr = curr->right;
            else
                return curr->value;
        }
        return V(); // 未找到，返回默认值
    }

private:
    Node<K, V>* root;

    // 对红黑树进行修复以维持红黑树的性质
    void insertFixup(Node<K, V>* node) {
        while (node->parent != nullptr && node->parent->color == RED) {
            if (node->parent == node->parent->parent->left) {
                Node<K, V>* uncle = node->parent->parent->right;
                if (uncle != nullptr && uncle->color == RED) {
                    node->parent->color = BLACK;
                    uncle->color = BLACK;
                    node->parent->parent->color = RED;
                    node = node->parent->parent;
                } else {
                    if (node == node->parent->right) {
                        node = node->parent;
                        rotateLeft(node);
                    }
                    node->parent->color = BLACK;
                    node->parent->parent->color = RED;
                    rotateRight(node->parent->parent);
                }
            } else {
                Node<K, V>* uncle = node->parent->parent->left;
                if (uncle != nullptr && uncle->color == RED) {
                    node->parent->color = BLACK;
                    uncle->color = BLACK;
                    node->parent->parent->color = RED;
                    node = node->parent->parent;
                } else {
                    if (node == node->parent->left) {
                        node = node->parent;
                        rotateRight(node);
                    }
                    node->parent->color = BLACK;
                    node->parent->parent->color = RED;
                    rotateLeft(node->parent->parent);
                }
            }
        }
        root->color = BLACK;
    }

    // 左旋
    void rotateLeft(Node<K, V>* node) {
        Node<K, V>* rightChild = node->right;
        node->right = rightChild->left;
        if (rightChild->left != nullptr)
            rightChild->left->parent = node;
        rightChild->parent = node->parent;
        if (node->parent == nullptr)
            root = rightChild;
        else if (node == node->parent->left)
            node->parent->left = rightChild;
        else
            node->parent->right = rightChild;
        rightChild->left = node;
        node->parent = rightChild;
    }

    // 右旋
    void rotateRight(Node<K, V>* node) {
        Node<K, V>* leftChild = node->left;
        node->left = leftChild->right;
        if (leftChild->right != nullptr)
            leftChild->right->parent = node;
        leftChild->parent = node->parent;
        if (node->parent == nullptr)
            root = leftChild;
        else if (node == node->parent->left)
            node->parent->left = leftChild;
        else
            node->parent->right = leftChild;
        leftChild->right = node;
        node->parent = leftChild;
    }
};

int main() {
    RBTreeMap<int, std::string> map;

    map.insert(1, "one");
    map.insert(2, "two");
    map.insert(3, "three");
    map.insert(4, "four");

    std::cout << map.find(2) << std::endl; // 输出: two
    std::cout << map.find(5) << std::endl; // 输出: 空字符串（默认值）

    return 0;
}

这个示例使用红黑树实现了一个简单的Map数据结构。你可以使用`insert`方法向Map中插入键值对，使用`find`方法查找指定键的值。注意，这只是一个简单的实现，还可以根据需要进行扩展和优化。