element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".ant-btn.ant-btn-primary") NameError: name 'driver' is not defined
时间: 2024-09-19 07:07:44 浏览: 67
这个Python代码片段是在使用Selenium库进行网页自动化测试时,试图通过CSS选择器找到页面上某个类名为".ant-btn.ant-btn-primary"的元素。`driver`在这里应该是已经创建并初始化了一个Selenium WebDriver实例,用于操作浏览器。
`driver.find_element_by_css_selector()`是一个方法,它接收一个字符串作为参数,该字符串代表CSS选择器表达式,然后返回匹配到的第一个HTML元素。如果当前环境中`driver`未被定义,就会抛出`NameError`异常,因为找不到这个变量。
要解决这个问题,首先需要确认是否已经正确导入了`selenium`库,并且之前已经初始化了`driver`。通常,初始化会涉及设置浏览器驱动路径,如:
```python
from selenium import webdriver
# 初始化Chrome浏览器驱动(假设是Chrome)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='path/to/chromedriver')
# 然后再执行上述find_element_by_css_selector()代码
element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".ant-btn.ant-btn-primary")
# 关闭浏览器连接,在完成所有操作后
driver.quit()
```
如果你还没有创建`driver`,那么你需要先创建并配置它。
相关问题
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\niuxi\pythonProject\main.py", line 15, in <module> more_btn = edge.find_element_by_css_selector(".rev-total a") AttributeError: 'WebDriver' object has no attribute 'find_element_by_css_selector'
非常抱歉,我之前给出的代码中存在错误。由于Selenium版本的差异,`find_element_by_css_selector`方法可能不适用于您当前使用的Selenium版本。请尝试使用`find_element`方法来选择元素。以下是修改后的代码示例:
```python
import time
import openpyxl
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://www.mafengwo.cn/poi/16790.html"
edge = webdriver.Edge()
edge.get(url)
comments_data = []
# 等待页面加载完成
time.sleep(5)
# 点击展开更多评论按钮
more_btn = edge.find_element("css selector", ".rev-total a")
edge.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", more_btn)
time.sleep(2)
# 循环获取点评信息
while True:
# 获取页面源码
html = edge.page_source
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
# 获取每条点评的信息
reviews = soup.select(".rev-item")
for review in reviews:
# 获取点评内容
content = review.select_one(".rev-txt").get_text().strip()
print("点评内容:", content)
# 获取点评时间
date = review.select_one(".time").get_text().strip()
print("点评时间:", date)
# 获取点评用户
user = review.select_one(".name").get_text().strip()
print("点评用户:", user)
# 获取点评评分
score = review.select_one(".score span").get_text().strip()
print("点评评分:", score)
print("-----------------------------")
comments_data.append([content, date, user, score])
# 翻页操作
next_btn = edge.find_element("css selector", ".pg-next")
if next_btn.get_attribute("class") == "pg-next":
edge.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", next_btn)
time.sleep(2)
else:
break
# 将爬取的点评信息存入comments.xlsx文件中
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.append(["点评内容", "点评时间", "点评用户", "点评评分"])
for data in comments_data:
ws.append(data)
wb.save("comments.xlsx")
wb.close()
# 关闭浏览器
edge.quit()
```
请注意,这次修改的代码使用了`find_element`方法来选择元素,并以元组的形式传递选择器类型和选择器值。这样可以确保代码在不同版本的Selenium中都能正常运行。
如果您还有其他问题,请随时提问。非常抱歉给您带来的困扰。
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\niuxi\pythonProject\main.py", line 15, in <module> more_btn = edge.find_element("css selector", ".rev-total a") File "D:\元气壁纸缓存\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 740, in find_element return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {"using": by, "value": value})["value"] File "D:\元气壁纸缓存\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 346, in execute self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "D:\元气壁纸缓存\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 245, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".rev-total a"} (Session info: MicrosoftEdge=114.0.1823.79); For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/errors#no-such-element-exception Stacktrace: Backtrace: GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF6E502AEC2+64226] Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6E4FBC082+765362] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4D7CC4C] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DC0BDF] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DC0D6A] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DFAC17] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DDF03F] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DB4BB1] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DF7FC1] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DDEDD3] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DB3BEC] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DB2DD6] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4DB4364] Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogManager::DispatchEventBroadcast [0x00007FF6E52087C9+1319033] (No symbol) [0x00007FF6E4E2D2A8] Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6E4F095E1+33553] Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6E4F01A1F+1871] Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogManager::DispatchEventBroadcast [0x00007FF6E52073E3+1313939] Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF6E4FC46B8+20232] Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF6E4FC0CD4+5412] Microsoft::Applications::Events::ILogConfiguration::operator* [0x00007FF6E4FC0DCC+5660] Microsoft::Applications::Events::EventProperty::~EventProperty [0x00007FF6E4FB4A81+735153] BaseThreadInitThunk [0x00007FFEC68526AD+29] RtlUserThreadStart [0x00007FFEC802AA68+40]
这个错误是由于无法找到具有选择器 `.rev-total a` 的元素引起的。这可能是因为页面中没有符合该选择器的元素或者元素还没有加载完成。
您可以尝试使用显式等待来等待元素的出现。这样可以确保在元素可见之前等待一段时间,以防止找不到元素的错误。以下是修改后的代码示例:
```python
import time
import openpyxl
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
url = "https://www.mafengwo.cn/poi/16790.html"
edge = webdriver.Edge()
edge.get(url)
comments_data = []
# 等待页面加载完成
time.sleep(5)
# 点击展开更多评论按钮
more_btn = WebDriverWait(edge, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".rev-total a")))
edge.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", more_btn)
time.sleep(2)
# 循环获取点评信息
while True:
# 获取页面源码
html = edge.page_source
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
# 获取每条点评的信息
reviews = soup.select(".rev-item")
for review in reviews:
# 获取点评内容
content = review.select_one(".rev-txt").get_text().strip()
print("点评内容:", content)
# 获取点评时间
date = review.select_one(".time").get_text().strip()
print("点评时间:", date)
# 获取点评用户
user = review.select_one(".name").get_text().strip()
print("点评用户:", user)
# 获取点评评分
score = review.select_one(".score span").get_text().strip()
print("点评评分:", score)
print("-----------------------------")
comments_data.append([content, date, user, score])
# 翻页操作
next_btn = edge.find_element("css selector", ".pg-next")
if next_btn.get_attribute("class") == "pg-next":
edge.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", next_btn)
time.sleep(2)
else:
break
# 将爬取的点评信息存入comments.xlsx文件中
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.append(["点评内容", "点评时间", "点评用户", "点评评分"])
for data in comments_data:
ws.append(data)
wb.save("comments.xlsx")
wb.close()
# 关闭浏览器
edge.quit()
```
在这个示例中,我使用了显式等待来等待更多评论按钮的出现。`WebDriverWait`类会等待一个特定条件的满足,这里是直到元素可见。`EC.presence_of_element_located`条件表示元素已经在DOM中出现。
希望这次修改能解决问题。如果您有任何其他问题,请随时提问。
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