第4关：使用pytorch搭建卷积神经网络识别手写数字 代码

首先需要安装PyTorch和torchvision库。可以使用以下命令进行安装：

!pip install torch torchvision

接下来是代码实现：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision.datasets as datasets
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

# 定义卷积神经网络
class CNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNN, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 7 * 7, 128)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = nn.functional.relu(x)
        x = self.pool(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = nn.functional.relu(x)
        x = self.pool(x)
        x = x.view(-1, 64 * 7 * 7)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = nn.functional.relu(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return x

# 加载数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=False, transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# 定义训练参数
batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 0.01
num_epochs = 10

# 加载数据集并定义数据加载器
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)

# 定义模型、损失函数和优化器
model = CNN()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
        # 前向传播
        outputs = model(images)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

        # 后向传播和优化
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        # 打印训练信息
        if (i + 1) % 100 == 0:
            print('Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}], Loss: {:.4f}'.format(epoch + 1, num_epochs, i + 1, len(train_loader), loss.item()))

# 测试模型
with torch.no_grad():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    for images, labels in test_loader:
        outputs = model(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

    print('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: {} %'.format(100 * correct / total))

此代码实现了一个简单的卷积神经网络，用于识别手写数字。使用MNIST数据集进行训练和测试。可以通过调整超参数来提高模型的准确性。