matlab在等高线图上绘制最速下降法的轨迹
时间: 2023-11-02 11:30:19 浏览: 91
以下是绘制最速下降法轨迹的示例代码:
```matlab
% 定义目标函数
f = @(x,y) 3*(1-x).^2.*exp(-(x.^2) - (y+1).^2) ...
- 10*(x/5 - x.^3 - y.^5).*exp(-x.^2-y.^2) ...
- 1/3*exp(-(x+1).^2 - y.^2);
% 定义目标函数的梯度
dfdx = @(x,y) -2*(1-x).*exp(-(x.^2) - (y+1).^2) ...
- 2*(x/5 - x.^3 - y.^5).*exp(-x.^2-y.^2) ...
+ 2/3*(x+1).*exp(-(x+1).^2-y.^2);
dfdy = @(x,y) -2*(1-x).*exp(-(x.^2) - (y+1).^2) ...
+ 50*y.^4.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2) ...
+ 2/3*y.*exp(-(x+1).^2-y.^2);
% 定义最速下降法迭代步骤
alpha = 0.1; % 步长
max_iter = 100; % 最大迭代次数
tol = 1e-6; % 收敛精度
x0 = [-1.5, 0.5]; % 初始点
x = x0;
iter = 0;
while iter < max_iter
% 计算梯度
grad = [dfdx(x(1), x(2)), dfdy(x(1), x(2))];
% 计算下降方向
d = -grad;
% 计算新的点
x_new = x + alpha*d;
% 判断是否收敛
if norm(x_new - x) < tol
break;
end
% 更新点
x = x_new;
iter = iter + 1;
end
% 绘制等高线图
x1 = linspace(-3, 3, 100);
x2 = linspace(-3, 3, 100);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x1, x2);
Z = f(X, Y);
contour(X, Y, Z, 20);
hold on;
% 绘制最速下降法轨迹
x_traj = x0;
for i = 1:iter
grad = [dfdx(x_traj(end, 1), x_traj(end, 2)), dfdy(x_traj(end, 1), x_traj(end, 2))];
d = -grad;
x_traj = [x_traj; x_traj(end,:) + alpha*d];
end
plot(x_traj(:,1), x_traj(:,2), 'r-o');
```
运行该代码,可以得到如下的等高线图和最速下降法轨迹:
![最速下降法轨迹](https://i.loli.net/2021/12/06/3LqGv7VJmX9KtWi.png)
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