: 1) 编程实现 Sarsa 算法实现 Agent 穿越冰湖,并分析不同学习率和折扣因子下算法的表 现; Learning 算
时间: 2024-05-14 13:19:59 浏览: 102
算法 学习
法是一种基于值函数的强化学习算法,其中代理(Agent)通过在环境中交互来学习如何做出最优决策。Sarsa算法是一种在线学习算法,它是基于动作值函数的TD学习算法,通过在每个时间步更新动作值函数来学习最优策略。在Sarsa算法中,代理根据当前状态和动作来更新动作值函数,并基于新的动作值函数来选择下一个动作。具体实现过程如下:
1. 初始化状态s和动作a。
2. 进入循环,直到到达终止状态:
a. 执行动作a,并观察环境的反馈,得到奖励r和新状态s'。
b. 根据新状态s'选择新动作a'。
c. 根据当前状态s、动作a、奖励r、新状态s'和新动作a'来更新动作值函数。
d. 将新状态s'和新动作a'赋值给当前状态s和动作a。
3. 返回学习后的动作值函数。
Sarsa算法的性能受到学习率和折扣因子的影响。学习率控制了每次更新时新值对旧值的影响程度,而折扣因子控制了长期奖励对当前奖励的影响程度。在实现Sarsa算法时,可以通过对不同的学习率和折扣因子进行实验来观察算法的表现。
以下是Sarsa算法的伪代码:
```
Initialize Q(s, a) arbitrarily
Repeat (for each episode):
Initialize s
Choose a from s using policy derived from Q (e.g., ε-greedy)
Repeat (for each step of episode):
Take action a, observe r, s'
Choose a' from s' using policy derived from Q (e.g., ε-greedy)
Q(s, a) ← Q(s, a) + α [r + γ Q(s', a') - Q(s, a)]
s ← s'; a ← a';
until s is terminal
```
其中,α表示学习率,γ表示折扣因子。
在实现Sarsa算法时,需要选择适当的学习率和折扣因子。一般来说,较小的学习率可以使算法更加稳定,但学习速度较慢;而较大的学习率可以使算法更快地收敛,但可能会导致不稳定性。折扣因子控制了长期奖励对当前奖励的影响,通常取值在0到1之间。较小的折扣因子会让代理更加关注短期奖励,而较大的折扣因子会让代理更加关注长期奖励。因此,选择不同的学习率和折扣因子会影响算法的表现。
下面是一个使用Sarsa算法训练代理穿越冰湖的示例代码:
```
import numpy as np
import random
class FrozenLake:
def __init__(self):
self.n_states = 16
self.n_actions = 4
self.P = {s: {a: [] for a in range(self.n_actions)} for s in range(self.n_states)}
self._init_P()
def _init_P(self):
for s in range(self.n_states):
for a in range(self.n_actions):
transitions = []
probs = [0.1, 0.8, 0.1]
for i in range(len(probs)):
p = probs[i]
if i == 0:
next_s = s
elif i == 1:
next_s = s + (a // 2)*4 + (a % 2)*2 - 1
else:
next_s = s
done = (next_s == 5 or next_s == 7 or next_s == 11 or next_s == 12 or next_s == 15)
if done:
reward = 1.0
else:
reward = 0.0
transitions.append((p, next_s, reward, done))
self.P[s][a] = transitions
class SarsaAgent:
def __init__(self, n_states, n_actions, alpha=0.1, gamma=0.9, epsilon=0.1):
self.Q = np.zeros((n_states, n_actions))
self.alpha = alpha
self.gamma = gamma
self.epsilon = epsilon
def choose_action(self, state):
if random.uniform(0, 1) < self.epsilon:
action = random.randint(0, self.Q.shape[1]-1)
else:
action = np.argmax(self.Q[state])
return action
def learn(self, state, action, reward, next_state, next_action, done):
td_error = reward + self.gamma*self.Q[next_state, next_action]*done - self.Q[state, action]
self.Q[state, action] += self.alpha*td_error
def run_experiment(alpha, gamma):
env = FrozenLake()
agent = SarsaAgent(env.n_states, env.n_actions, alpha=alpha, gamma=gamma)
n_episodes = 1000
rewards = []
for episode in range(n_episodes):
state = 0
action = agent.choose_action(state)
total_reward = 0.0
done = False
while not done:
transition = env.P[state][action][0]
next_state, reward, done = transition[1], transition[2], transition[3]
if done:
next_action = None
else:
next_action = agent.choose_action(next_state)
agent.learn(state, action, reward, next_state, next_action, done)
state, action = next_state, next_action
total_reward += reward
rewards.append(total_reward)
return np.mean(rewards)
alphas = [0.1, 0.3, 0.5]
gammas = [0.1, 0.3, 0.5]
for alpha in alphas:
for gamma in gammas:
print("alpha={}, gamma={}, reward={}".format(alpha, gamma, run_experiment(alpha, gamma)))
```
在上面的示例代码中,我们使用Sarsa算法来训练代理穿越冰湖。我们设置了不同的学习率和折扣因子,然后运行实验并输出平均奖励。根据实验结果,我们可以选择最优的学习率和折扣因子来训练代理。
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