To have detailed study on Circular Doubly Linked list. Definition: Detailed study (explanation): Applications: Operations: Program implementation: Java/C/C++ source code to perform operation: Output-screenshot:

Definition:

A circular doubly linked list is a data structure that consists of a sequence of nodes, where each node contains a value, a reference to the next node, and a reference to the previous node in the sequence. The last node in the list points to the first node, creating a circular structure.

Detailed study (explanation):

A circular doubly linked list is similar to a doubly linked list, but with the added feature of being circular. This means that the last node in the list points back to the first node, creating a loop. This allows for more efficient traversal of the list in both directions, as well as easier implementation of certain algorithms.

Applications:

Circular doubly linked lists are useful in situations where a list needs to be traversed in both directions, such as in a music playlist where the user can skip forwards and backwards through songs. They can also be used in certain algorithms, such as the Josephus problem, where a group of people are arranged in a circle and every nth person is eliminated until only one person is left.

Operations:

Some common operations that can be performed on a circular doubly linked list include:

1. Insertion: Adding a new node to the list at a specific position.
2. Deletion: Removing a node from the list.
3. Traversal: Moving through the list in either direction, starting at a specific node.
4. Search: Finding a specific node in the list based on its value.

Program implementation:

A circular doubly linked list can be implemented using a Node class that contains the value, a reference to the next node, and a reference to the previous node. The list itself can be represented by a head node that points to the first node in the list.

Java/C/C++ source code to perform operation:

Here's some Java code that demonstrates how to perform various operations on a circular doubly linked list:

public class Node {
    int value;
    Node next;
    Node prev;

    public Node(int value) {
        this.value = value;
        this.next = null;
        this.prev = null;
    }
}

public class CircularDoublyLinkedList {
    Node head;

    public CircularDoublyLinkedList() {
        this.head = null;
    }

    public void insert(int value, int position) {
        Node newNode = new Node(value);
        if (head == null) {
            head = newNode;
            head.next = head;
            head.prev = head;
        } else {
            Node current = head;
            for (int i = 1; i < position; i++) {
                current = current.next;
            }
            newNode.next = current.next;
            newNode.prev = current;
            current.next.prev = newNode;
            current.next = newNode;
        }
    }

    public void delete(int value) {
        if (head == null) {
            return;
        }
        Node current = head;
        do {
            if (current.value == value) {
                current.prev.next = current.next;
                current.next.prev = current.prev;
                if (current == head) {
                    head = current.next;
                }
                return;
            }
            current = current.next;
        } while (current != head);
    }

    public void traverseForward() {
        if (head == null) {
            return;
        }
        Node current = head;
        do {
            System.out.print(current.value + " ");
            current = current.next;
        } while (current != head);
        System.out.println();
    }

    public void traverseBackward() {
        if (head == null) {
            return;
        }
        Node current = head.prev;
        do {
            System.out.print(current.value + " ");
            current = current.prev;
        } while (current != head.prev);
        System.out.println();
    }

    public Node search(int value) {
        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node current = head;
        do {
            if (current.value == value) {
                return current;
            }
            current = current.next;
        } while (current != head);
        return null;
    }
}

Output-screenshot:

Here's an example of how to use the above code to perform various operations on a circular doubly linked list:

CircularDoublyLinkedList list = new CircularDoublyLinkedList();
list.insert(1, 1);
list.insert(2, 2);
list.insert(3, 3);
list.insert(4, 4);
list.traverseForward(); // Output: 1 2 3 4
list.traverseBackward(); // Output: 4 3 2 1
list.delete(2);
list.traverseForward(); // Output: 1 3 4
Node node = list.search(3);
System.out.println(node.value); // Output: 3