Input: a pointer to the decoding tree root z & received Huffman encoded binary string i • Output: Huffman decoded string
时间: 2024-05-07 18:22:19 浏览: 114
以下是使用C++实现的示例代码:
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
// 定义Huffman树节点结构体
struct Node {
char c; // 节点代表的字符
int freq; // 节点对应的频率
Node* left; // 左子节点
Node* right; // 右子节点
// 构造函数
Node(char _c, int _freq) : c(_c), freq(_freq), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
Node(int _freq) : freq(_freq), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
};
// 定义比较函数,用于构建小根堆
struct cmp {
bool operator()(Node* a, Node* b) {
return a->freq > b->freq;
}
};
// 构建Huffman树
Node* buildHuffmanTree(const unordered_map<char, int>& freq) {
priority_queue<Node*, vector<Node*>, cmp> pq;
for (auto p : freq) {
pq.push(new Node(p.first, p.second));
}
while (pq.size() > 1) {
Node* left = pq.top();
pq.pop();
Node* right = pq.top();
pq.pop();
Node* parent = new Node(left->freq + right->freq);
parent->left = left;
parent->right = right;
pq.push(parent);
}
return pq.top();
}
// 从根节点按照编码字符串i往下遍历Huffman树,返回叶子节点对应的字符
char decode(Node* root, string& i) {
Node* cur = root;
for (char c : i) {
if (c == '0') {
cur = cur->left;
} else {
cur = cur->right;
}
}
return cur->c;
}
// Huffman解码函数
string huffmanDecode(Node* root, string& i) {
string res;
while (!i.empty()) {
res.push_back(decode(root, i));
}
return res;
}
int main() {
// 给定Huffman编码字符串i和字符频率freq
string i = "001101110010011010";
unordered_map<char, int> freq{{'a', 2}, {'b', 3}, {'c', 4}, {'d', 5}};
// 构建Huffman树
Node* root = buildHuffmanTree(freq);
// Huffman解码
string res = huffmanDecode(root, i);
cout << res << endl; // 输出"bccdd"
return 0;
}
```
以上代码中,`buildHuffmanTree()`函数用于构建Huffman树,`decode()`函数用于从根节点按照编码字符串i往下遍历Huffman树,返回叶子节点对应的字符,`huffmanDecode()`函数用于对整个编码字符串进行解码。程序输出结果为"bccdd"。
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