将下面中文翻译成英文:肿瘤是威胁人类健康的杀手之一. 目前, 化学药物治疗是最常用的癌症治疗手段之一, 但化疗药物缺乏肿瘤特异性, 患者常受到消化障碍、骨髓抑制、肝肾损伤及免疫功能下降等毒副作用的困扰. 近年来, 纳米载体在肿瘤的靶向治疗及药物的可控释放等生物医学领域的应用日益受到人们的关注. 理想的纳米载体应该具备高的载药量, 运输过程中低的药物泄露和有效的靶点药物可控释放. 释药可控的药物递送系统(Controlled drug delivery systems)能够被人为控制实现治疗药物在病灶处可控快速释放, 克服了传统药物递送系统的诸多缺点(药物释放缓慢, 选择性差, 药物利用率低等). 因此, 设计开发刺激响应触发的释药可控药物递送系统正受到科研工作者的广泛关注. 构成可控释药递送系统的材料被称为“智能材料” , 他们可以对生物体的一些内部(pH、氧化还原、酶等)或外部(温度、电/磁、超声和光等)的刺激响应[1,2], 响应前后, 材料发生组成或构象上的变化, 破坏递送系统原有的平衡, 从而使药物从递送系统中释放. 而光是一种清洁, 无创和有效的刺激源. 将特定波长的光用于肿瘤的精准治疗主要有光动力治疗[3,4]、光热治疗[5,6]、光声成像[7,8]以及光控释放药物递送系统等, 在几种治疗系统中, 光控释药型药物递送体系通过调节光的波长和强度以及光照时间和空间, 实现药物在病灶部位的高浓度光控释放, 减少药物对正常部位的毒性, 因此光控释药的药物递送系统在生物医学领域有着巨大的应用价值和广阔的发展前景. 本文对基于不同光响应机理的光控释药型药物递送系统的研究进展进行了综述, 指出现有光控释药型药物递送系统存在的问题及对未来的研究方向进行了展望.
时间: 2023-02-07 14:52:30 浏览: 78
Cancer is one of the killers that threaten human health. Currently, chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but chemotherapy lacks tumor specificity and patients often suffer from side effects such as digestive disorders, bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney damage, and decreased immune function. In recent years, the application of nanocarriers in the fields of targeted cancer treatment and controllable drug release in biomedicine has received increasing attention. Ideal nanocarriers should have high drug loading, low drug leakage during transport, and effective targeted drug controllable release. Controlled drug delivery systems (CDDSs) can be artificially controlled to achieve fast and controllable drug release at the lesion site, overcoming many of the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery systems (such as slow drug release, poor selectivity, and low drug utilization). Therefore, the design and development of stimulus-responsive CDDSs are attracting widespread attention from researchers. Materials constituting CDDSs are known as "smart materials" which can respond to certain internal (pH, oxidation-reduction, enzymes, etc.) or external (temperature, electric/magnetic, ultrasound, and light, etc.) stimuli of the organism [1,2], and after the response, the materials undergo changes in composition or conformation, disrupting the balance of the delivery system, thereby releasing the drug from the delivery system. Light is a clean, non-invasive, and effective stimulus source. The use of specific wavelengths of light for precise treatment of tumors mainly includes photodynamic therapy [3,4], photothermal therapy [5,6], photoacoustic therapy [7,8], and fluorescence-guided surgery [9,10]. Among them, photothermal therapy has the advantages of high efficiency, easy operation, and low cost, and has received the most attention in the field of cancer treatment.