5. 自主编程：计算器，使用恰当的组件和容器，加完成软件界面设计

好的，我可以帮你完成这个任务。我可以使用Java编写一个简单的计算器，并使用Swing GUI库来创建界面。我会使用JFrame作为主容器，然后添加JPanel来容纳各个组件，如JButtons和JTextField。

以下是我实现的代码示例：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Calculator extends JFrame implements ActionListener {

    private JPanel panel;
    private JTextField display;

    private JButton button0;
    private JButton button1;
    private JButton button2;
    private JButton button3;
    private JButton button4;
    private JButton button5;
    private JButton button6;
    private JButton button7;
    private JButton button8;
    private JButton button9;
    private JButton buttonPlus;
    private JButton buttonMinus;
    private JButton buttonMultiply;
    private JButton buttonDivide;
    private JButton buttonEquals;
    private JButton buttonClear;

    private double num1, num2, result;
    private String operator;

    public Calculator() {
        super("Calculator");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 4));
        display = new JTextField();
        display.setEditable(false);
        display.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);

        button0 = new JButton("0");
        button1 = new JButton("1");
        button2 = new JButton("2");
        button3 = new JButton("3");
        button4 = new JButton("4");
        button5 = new JButton("5");
        button6 = new JButton("6");
        button7 = new JButton("7");
        button8 = new JButton("8");
        button9 = new JButton("9");
        buttonPlus = new JButton("+");
        buttonMinus = new JButton("-");
        buttonMultiply = new JButton("*");
        buttonDivide = new JButton("/");
        buttonEquals = new JButton("=");
        buttonClear = new JButton("C");

        button0.addActionListener(this);
        button1.addActionListener(this);
        button2.addActionListener(this);
        button3.addActionListener(this);
        button4.addActionListener(this);
        button5.addActionListener(this);
        button6.addActionListener(this);
        button7.addActionListener(this);
        button8.addActionListener(this);
        button9.addActionListener(this);
        buttonPlus.addActionListener(this);
        buttonMinus.addActionListener(this);
        buttonMultiply.addActionListener(this);
        buttonDivide.addActionListener(this);
        buttonEquals.addActionListener(this);
        buttonClear.addActionListener(this);

        panel.add(button7);
        panel.add(button8);
        panel.add(button9);
        panel.add(buttonDivide);
        panel.add(button4);
        panel.add(button5);
        panel.add(button6);
        panel.add(buttonMultiply);
        panel.add(button1);
        panel.add(button2);
        panel.add(button3);
        panel.add(buttonMinus);
        panel.add(button0);
        panel.add(buttonClear);
        panel.add(buttonEquals);
        panel.add(buttonPlus);

        add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        pack();
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == button0) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "0");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button1) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "1");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button2) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "2");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button3) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "3");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button4) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "4");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button5) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "5");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button6) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "6");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button7) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "7");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button8) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "8");
        } else if (e.getSource() == button9) {
            display.setText(display.getText() + "9");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonPlus) {
            num1 = Double.parseDouble(display.getText());
            operator = "+";
            display.setText("");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonMinus) {
            num1 = Double.parseDouble(display.getText());
            operator = "-";
            display.setText("");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonMultiply) {
            num1 = Double.parseDouble(display.getText());
            operator = "*";
            display.setText("");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonDivide) {
            num1 = Double.parseDouble(display.getText());
            operator = "/";
            display.setText("");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonClear) {
            display.setText("");
        } else if (e.getSource() == buttonEquals) {
            num2 = Double.parseDouble(display.getText());
            if (operator.equals("+")) {
                result = num1 + num2;
            } else if (operator.equals("-")) {
                result = num1 - num2;
            } else if (operator.equals("*")) {
                result = num1 * num2;
            } else if (operator.equals("/")) {
                result = num1 / num2;
            }
            display.setText(Double.toString(result));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calc = new Calculator();
    }
}

这个计算器支持加减乘除四则运算，以及清空和计算结果。你可以尝试使用这个计算器进行简单的运算。