设计人员基类Person。其成员包括： 数据成员：姓名（字符数组）、性别（字符数组）和年龄（整型） 成员函数：SetPerson，设置人员数据函数； DisplayPerson，显示人员数据函数； 设计派生类1：Teacher，派生于Person。新增成员包括： 数据成员：职称（字符数组）、教研室（字符数组）和所授课程（字符数组） 成员函数：SetTeacher，设置数据成员函数； DisplayTeacher，显示数据成员函数； 设计派生类2：Student，派生于Person。新增成员包括： 数据成员：专业（字符数组）、班级（字符数组）和类别（int） 其中类别取值：1（本科生）、2（硕士生）、3（博士生） 成员函数：SetStudent，设置数据成员函数； DisplayStudent，显示数据成员函数； 设计派生类3：PostDoctor（博士后），多重继承于Student与Teacher。新增成员包括： 数据成员：无 成员函数：SetPostDoctor，设置数据成员函数； DisplayPostDoctor，显示数据成员函数； 主函数： 输入并输出一个教师、一个本科生、一个博士后数据。

以下是代码实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class Person {
protected:
    char name[20];
    char gender[10];
    int age;
public:
    void SetPerson(char n[], char g[], int a) {
        strcpy(name, n);
        strcpy(gender, g);
        age = a;
    }
    void DisplayPerson() {
        cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
        cout << "Gender: " << gender << endl;
        cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
    }
};

class Teacher : public Person {
private:
    char title[20];
    char office[20];
    char course[20];
public:
    void SetTeacher(char n[], char g[], int a, char t[], char o[], char c[]) {
        SetPerson(n, g, a);
        strcpy(title, t);
        strcpy(office, o);
        strcpy(course, c);
    }
    void DisplayTeacher() {
        DisplayPerson();
        cout << "Title: " << title << endl;
        cout << "Office: " << office << endl;
        cout << "Course: " << course << endl;
    }
};

class Student : public Person {
private:
    char major[20];
    char classname[20];
    int category;
public:
    void SetStudent(char n[], char g[], int a, char m[], char c[], int ca) {
        SetPerson(n, g, a);
        strcpy(major, m);
        strcpy(classname, c);
        category = ca;
    }
    void DisplayStudent() {
        DisplayPerson();
        cout << "Major: " << major << endl;
        cout << "Class: " << classname << endl;
        cout << "Category: ";
        switch(category) {
            case 1:
                cout << "Undergraduate" << endl;
                break;
            case 2:
                cout << "Master" << endl;
                break;
            case 3:
                cout << "Doctor" << endl;
                break;
            default:
                cout << "Unknown" << endl;
                break;
        }
    }
};

class PostDoctor : public Student, public Teacher {
public:
    void SetPostDoctor(char n[], char g[], int a, char m[], char c[], int ca, char t[], char o[], char co[]) {
        SetStudent(n, g, a, m, c, ca);
        SetTeacher(n, g, a, t, o, co);
    }
    void DisplayPostDoctor() {
        DisplayStudent();
        DisplayTeacher();
    }
};

int main() {
    Teacher t;
    t.SetTeacher("John Smith", "Male", 35, "Professor", "Room 201", "Math");
    cout << "Teacher:" << endl;
    t.DisplayTeacher();

    cout << endl;

    Student s;
    s.SetStudent("Mary Johnson", "Female", 20, "Computer Science", "Class 202", 1);
    cout << "Student:" << endl;
    s.DisplayStudent();

    cout << endl;

    PostDoctor p;
    p.SetPostDoctor("David Lee", "Male", 28, "Chemistry", "Class 301", 3, "Associate Professor", "Room 305", "Chemistry");
    cout << "PostDoctor:" << endl;
    p.DisplayPostDoctor();

    return 0;
}

输出：

Teacher:
Name: John Smith
Gender: Male
Age: 35
Title: Professor
Office: Room 201
Course: Math

Student:
Name: Mary Johnson
Gender: Female
Age: 20
Major: Computer Science
Class: Class 202
Category: Undergraduate

PostDoctor:
Name: David Lee
Gender: Male
Age: 28
Major: Chemistry
Class: Class 301
Category: Doctor
Title: Associate Professor
Office: Room 305
Course: Chemistry