TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

This error occurs when a function or method expects a string or a bytes-like object as input, but receives something else. It usually means that the input is of the wrong type or format.

For example, if you try to pass a list or an integer to a function that expects a string, you will get this error. Similarly, if you try to concatenate a string with an integer or a list, you will get this error.

To fix this error, you need to make sure that the input is of the correct type and format. If the input is a variable, you can use the type() function to check its type. You can also use string formatting to convert non-string types to strings before passing them to a function.

Here is an example:

# This code will raise a TypeError
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
result = "".join(my_list)

# To fix the error, convert the list items to strings first
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
result = "".join(str(x) for x in my_list)