使用数字电路方式安全实现轻量级算法Ascon，支持Ascon-128、Ascon-128a、Ascon-HASH、Ascon-HASHa四种参数配置。代码

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Ascon是一种轻量级加密算法，它的设计目标是在资源受限的环境中提供高度的安全性和性能。Ascon有四种不同的配置：Ascon-128、Ascon-128a、Ascon-HASH、Ascon-HASHa。

Ascon的实现可以使用数字电路技术，这种实现方式可以提供更高的性能和更低的功耗。以下是一个使用数字电路方式实现Ascon-128的代码示例：

module Ascon128(clk, rst, mode, key, nonce, plaintext, ciphertext, tag, valid);
    parameter ROUNDS = 12;
    parameter BLOCK_SIZE = 64;
   
    input clk, rst;
    input [1:0] mode;
    input [127:0] key, nonce, plaintext;
    output [127:0] ciphertext, tag;
    output valid;
   
    // Round constants
    parameter [127:0] RC[0:11] = '{128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000,
                                       128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000,
                                       128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000, 128'h0000000000000000};
   
    // S-box
    function [7:0] SBox(input [7:0] x);
        case (x)
            8'h00: SBox = 8'h63;
            8'h01: SBox = 8'h7c;
            8'h02: SBox = 8'h77;
            8'h03: SBox = 8'h7b;
            8'h04: SBox = 8'hf2;
            8'h05: SBox = 8'h6b;
            8'h06: SBox = 8'h6f;
            8'h07: SBox = 8'hc5;
            8'h08: SBox = 8'h30;
            8'h09: SBox = 8'h01;
            8'h0a: SBox = 8'h67;
            8'h0b: SBox = 8'h2b;
            8'h0c: SBox = 8'hfe;
            8'h0d: SBox = 8'hd7;
            8'h0e: SBox = 8'hab;
            8'h0f: SBox = 8'h76;
            8'h10: SBox = 8'hca;
            8'h11: SBox = 8'h82;
            8'h12: SBox = 8'hc9;
            8'h13: SBox = 8'h7d;
            8'h14: SBox = 8'hfa;
            8'h15: SBox = 8'h59;
            8'h16: SBox = 8'h47;
            8'h17: SBox = 8'hf0;
            8'h18: SBox = 8'had;
            8'h19: SBox = 8'hd4;
            8'h1a: SBox = 8'ha2;
            8'h1b: SBox = 8'haf;
            8'h1c: SBox = 8'h9c;
            8'h1d: SBox = 8'ha4;
            8'h1e: SBox = 8'h72;
            8'h1f: SBox = 8'hc0;
            8'h20: SBox = 8'hb7;
            8'h21: SBox = 8'hfd;
            8'h22: SBox = 8'h93;
            8'h23: SBox = 8'h26;
            8'h24: SBox = 8'h36;
            8'h25: SBox = 8'h3f;
            8'h26: SBox = 8'hf7;
            8'h27: SBox = 8'hcc;
            8'h28: SBox = 8'h34;
            8'h29: SBox = 8'ha5;
            8'h2a: SBox = 8'he5;
            8'h2b: SBox = 8'hf1;
            8'h2c: SBox = 8'h71;
            8'h2d: SBox = 8'hd8;
            8'h2e: SBox = 8'h31;
            8'h2f: SBox = 8'h15;
            8'h30: SBox = 8'h04;
            8'h31: SBox = 8'hc7;
            8'h32: SBox = 8'h23;
            8'h33: SBox = 8'hc3;
            8'h34: SBox = 8'h18;
            8'h35: SBox = 8'h96;
            8'h36: SBox = 8'h05;
            8'h37: SBox = 8'h9a;
            8'h38: SBox = 8'h07;
            8'h39: SBox = 8'h12;
            8'h3a: SBox = 8'hab;
            8'h3b: SBox = 8'h80;
            8'h3c: SBox = 8'he2;
            8'h3d: SBox = 8'heb;
            8'h3e: SBox = 8'h27;
            8'h3f: SBox = 8'hb2;
            8'h40: SBox = 8'h75;
            8'h41: SBox = 8'h09;
            8'h42: SBox = 8'h83;
            8'h43: SBox = 8'h2c;
            8'h44: SBox = 8'h1a;
            8'h45: SBox = 8'h1b;
            8'h46: SBox = 8'h6e;
            8'h47: SBox = 8'h5a;
            8'h48: SBox = 8'ha0;
            8'h49: SBox = 8'h52;
            8'h4a: SBox = 8'h3b;
            8'h4b: SBox = 8'hd6;
            8'h4c: SBox = 8'hb3;
            8'h4d: SBox = 8'h29;
            8'h4e: SBox = 8'he3;
            8'h4f: SBox = 8'h2f;
            8'h50: SBox = 8'h84;
            8'h51: SBox = 8'hd2;
            8'h52: SBox = 8'h1f;
            8'h53: SBox = 8'hb5;
            8'h54: SBox = 8'h0b;
            8'h55: SBox = 8'h8f;
            8'h56: SBox = 8'h0e;
            8'h57: SBox = 8'hab;
            8'h58: SBox = 8'h16;
            8'h59: SBox = 8'hc6;
            8'h5a: SBox = 8'hb4;
            8'h5b: SBox = 8'hc2;
            8'h5c: SBox = 8'h3e;
            8'h5d: SBox = 8'h5e;
            8'h5e: SBox = 8'h27;
            8'h5f: SBox = 8'h46;
            8'h60: SBox = 8'h58;
            8'h61: SBox = 8'hdf;
            8'h62: SBox = 8'hd0;
            8'h63: SBox = 8'hef;
            8'h64: SBox = 8'haa;
            8'h65: SBox = 8'hfb;
            8'h66: SBox = 8'h43;
            8'h67: SBox = 8'h4d;
            8'h68: SBox = 8'h33;
            8'h69: SBox = 8'hd9;
            8'h6a: SBox = 8'h98;
            8'h6b: SBox = 8'hc1;
            8'h6c: SBox = 8'h8c;
            8'h6d: SBox = 8'h9d;
            8'h6e: SBox = 8'h5d;
            8'h6f: SBox = 8'h65;
        endcase
    endfunction
   
    // Permutation function
    function [127:0] P(input [127:0] state);
        reg [127:0] out;
        reg [127:0] x, y, z;
        integer i;
   
        out = state;
   
        for (i = 0; i < ROUNDS; i = i + 1) begin
            x = out[127:64];
            y = out[63:32];
            z = out[31:0];
   
            // Add round constant
            y = y ^ RC[i];
   
            // S-box
            x = {SBox(x[7:0]), SBox(x[15:8]), SBox(x[23:16]), SBox(x[31:24]), SBox(x[39:32]), SBox(x[47:40]), SBox(x[55:48]), SBox(x[63:56])};
            y = {SBox(y[7:0]), SBox(y[15:8]), SBox(y[23:16]), SBox(y[31:24]), SBox(y[39:32]), SBox(y[47:40]), SBox(y[55:48]), SBox(y[63:56])};
            z = {SBox(z[7:0]), SBox(z[15:8]), SBox(z[23:16]), SBox(z[31:24]), SBox(z[39:32]), SBox(z[47:40]), SBox(z[55:48]), SBox(z[63:56])};
   
            // Linear diffusion layer
            out = {x[0]^y[0]^z[0], x[8]^y[8]^z[8], x[16]^y[16]^z[16], x[24]^y[24]^z[24],
                   x[32]^y[32]^z[32], x[40]^y[40]^z[40], x[48]^y[48]^z[48], x[56]^y[56]^z[56],
                   x[1]^y[1]^z[1], x[9]^y[9]^z[9], x[17]^y[17]^z[17], x[25]^y[25]^z[25],
                   x[33]^y[33]^z[33], x[41]^y[41]^z[41], x[49]^y[49]^z[49], x[57]^y[57]^z[57],
                   x[2]^y[2]^z[2], x[10]^y[10]^z[10], x[18]^y[18]^z[18], x[26]^y[26]^z[26],
                   x[34]^y[34]^z[34], x[42]^y[42]^z[42], x[50]^y[50]^z[50], x[58]^y[58]^z[58],
                   x[3]^y[3]^z[3], x[11]^y[11]^z[11], x[19]^y[19]^z[19], x[27]^y[27]^z[27],
                   x[35]^y[35]^z[35], x[43]^y[43]^z[43], x[51]^y[51]^z[51], x[59]^y[59]^z[59],
                   x[4]^y[4]^z[4], x[12]^y[12]^z[12], x[20]^y[20]^z[20], x[28]^y[28]^z[28],
                   x[36]^y[36]^z[36], x[44]^y[44]^z[44], x[52]^y[52]^z[52], x[60]^y[60]^z[60],
                   x[5]^y[5]^z[5], x[13]^y[13]^z[13], x[21]^y[21]^z[21], x[29]^y[29]^z[29],
                   x[37]^y[37]^z[37], x[45]^y[45]^z[45], x[53]^y[53]^z[53], x[61]^y[61]^z[61],
                   x[6]^y[6]^z[6], x[14]^y[14]^z[14], x[22]^y[22]^z[22], x[30]^y[30]^z[30],
                   x[38]^y[38]^z[38], x[46]^y[46]^z[46], x[54]^y[54]^z[54], x[62]^y[62]^z[62],
                   x[7]^y[7]^z[7], x[15]^y[15]^z[15], x[23]^y[23]^z[23], x[31]^y[31]^z[31],
                   x[39]^y[39]^z[39], x[47]^y[47]^z[47], x[55]^y[55]^z[55], x[63]^y[63]^z[63]};
        end
   
        P = out;
    endfunction
   
    // Encryption function
    function [127:0] Encrypt(input [127:0] plaintext, input [127:0] key, input [127:0] nonce);
        reg [127:0] state, out, k, n;
        integer i;
   
        // Initial state
        state = {nonce, 128'h0000000000000000};
   
        // Key and nonce setup
        k = key;
        n = nonce;
   
        // Absorb key
        state[127:64] = state[127:64] ^ k;
        state = P(state);
        k = k ^ state[127:64];
   
        // Absorb nonce
        state[127:64] = state[127:64] ^ n;
        state = P(state);
        n = n ^ state[127:64];
   
        // Absorb associated data (mode != 0)
        if (mode != 0) begin
            for (i = 0; i < $size(plaintext)/BLOCK_SIZE; i = i + 1) begin
                state[127:64] = state[127:64] ^ plaintext[i*BLOCK_SIZE +: BLOCK_SIZE];
                state = P(state);
            end
        end
   
        // Encrypt plaintext (mode == 0 or 1)
        out = 128'h0000000000000000;
        for (i = 0; i < $size(plaintext)/BLOCK_SIZE; i = i + 1) begin
            state[127:64] = state[127:64] ^ plaintext[i*BLOCK_SIZE +: BLOCK_SIZE];
            out[i*BLOCK_SIZE +: BLOCK_SIZE] = state[127:64] ^ plaintext[i*BLOCK_SIZE +: BLOCK_SIZE];
            state = P(state);
        end
   
        // Generate tag (mode == 0 or 2)
        tag = state[127:64] ^ k ^ (mode == 0 ? 128'h0000000000000000 : n);
   
        Encrypt = out;
    endfunction
   
    reg [127:0] ciphertext_reg, tag_reg;
    reg valid_reg;
   
    always @(posedge clk) begin
        if (rst) begin
            ciphertext_reg <= 128'h0000000000000000;
            tag_reg <= 128'h0000000000000000;
            valid_reg <= 0;
        end else begin
            case (mode)
                2'b00: begin // Encryption mode
                    ciphertext_reg <= Encrypt(plaintext, key, nonce);
                    tag_reg <= 128'h0000000000000000;
                    valid_reg <= 1;
                end
                2'b01: begin // Encryption mode with authentication
                    ciphertext_reg <= Encrypt(plaintext, key, nonce);
                    tag_reg <= Encrypt(128'h0000000000000000, key, nonce);
                    valid_reg <= 1;
                end
                2'b10: begin // Authentication mode
                    ciphertext_reg <= 128'h0000000000000000;
                    tag_reg <= Encrypt(plaintext, key, nonce);
                    valid_reg <= 1;
                end
                2'b11: begin // Authentication only mode
                    ciphertext_reg <= 128'h0000000000000000;
                    tag_reg <= Encrypt(128'h0000000000000000, key, nonce);
                    valid_reg <= 1;
                end
            endcase
        end
    end
   
    assign ciphertext = ciphertext_reg;
    assign tag = tag_reg;
    assign valid = valid