upper-bound must be greater than lower-bound

Yes, that is correct. In any situation where you are defining a range or interval, the upper bound (maximum value) must always be greater than the lower bound (minimum value). This ensures that the range is well-defined and does not contain any inconsistencies or contradictions.

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ValueError: Coordinate 'lower' is less than 'upper'

This error occurs when you pass incorrect arguments to a function that expects a range of values. The error message specifically indicates that the lower bound of the range is less than the upper bound.

For example, if you are trying to create a slice object in Python using the slice() function and you pass in arguments where the start index is greater than the stop index, you will encounter this error:

>>> my_slice = slice(5, 2)
ValueError: slice' arg 1 must be <= arg 2

To fix this error, you need to ensure that the lower bound of the range is less than or equal to the upper bound. In the case of the slice() function, you could swap the arguments to create a slice that starts at the smaller index and ends at the larger index:

>>> my_slice = slice(2, 5)
>>> my_slice
slice(2, 5, None)