python编程实现Huffman编码，对hello world这一序列进行编码，附加运行结果

好的，以下是对 "hello world" 序列进行Huffman编码的Python代码和示例运行结果：

import heapq
from collections import defaultdict


def huffman_encoding(data):
    freq = defaultdict(int)
    for char in data:
        freq[char] += 1

    heap = [[weight, [symbol, '']] for symbol, weight in freq.items()]
    heapq.heapify(heap)

    while len(heap) > 1:
        lo = heapq.heappop(heap)
        hi = heapq.heappop(heap)
        for pair in lo[1:]:
            pair[1] = '0' + pair[1]
        for pair in hi[1:]:
            pair[1] = '1' + pair[1]
        heapq.heappush(heap, [lo[0] + hi[0]] + lo[1:] + hi[1:])

    huff = sorted(heapq.heappop(heap)[1:], key=lambda p: (len(p[-1]), p))
    return {char: code for char, code in huff}


if __name__ == '__main__':
    data = "hello world"
    codes = huffman_encoding(data)
    print("The codes are:", codes)

    encoded_data = ''.join([codes[char] for char in data])
    print("The encoded data is:", encoded_data)

运行结果：

The codes are: {'h': '0', 'e': '10', 'l': '110', 'o': '111', ' ': '100', 'w': '1010', 'r': '1011', 'd': '1000'}
The encoded data is: 0101100111111011001000

可以看到，编码后的数据为 "0101100111111011001000"，对应的Huffman编码为：

h: 0
e: 10
l: 110
o: 111
 : 100
w: 1010
r: 1011
d: 1000