c语言可输入的Huffman编码代码实现

以下是一个简单的C语言实现，可以输入Huffman编码并解压缩：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_TREE_HT 50

struct MinHeapNode {
    char data;
    unsigned freq;
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right;
};

struct MinHeap {
    unsigned size;
    unsigned capacity;
    struct MinHeapNode **array;
};

struct MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) {
    struct MinHeapNode* node = (struct MinHeapNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode));
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    node->data = data;
    node->freq = freq;
    return node;
}

struct MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = (struct MinHeap*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap));
    minHeap->size = 0;
    minHeap->capacity = capacity;
    minHeap->array = (struct MinHeapNode**)malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHeapNode*));
    return minHeap;
}

void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode** a, struct MinHeapNode** b) {
    struct MinHeapNode* t = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = t;
}

void minHeapify(struct MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) {
    int smallest = idx;
    int left = 2 * idx + 1;
    int right = 2 * idx + 2;
    if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = left;
    if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = right;
    if (smallest != idx) {
        swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]);
        minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
    }
}

int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    return (minHeap->size == 1);
}

struct MinHeapNode* extractMin(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    struct MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0];
    minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];
    --minHeap->size;
    minHeapify(minHeap, 0);
    return temp;
}

void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap, struct MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) {
    ++minHeap->size;
    int i = minHeap->size - 1;
    while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
        minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
        i = (i - 1) / 2;
    }
    minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}

void buildMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    int n = minHeap->size - 1;
    int i;
    for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i)
        minHeapify(minHeap, i);
}

void printArr(int arr[], int n) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d", arr[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode* root) {
    return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}

struct MinHeap* createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]);
    minHeap->size = size;
    buildMinHeap(minHeap);
    return minHeap;
}

struct MinHeapNode* buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top;
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size);
    while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) {
        left = extractMin(minHeap);
        right = extractMin(minHeap);
        top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);
        top->left = left;
        top->right = right;
        insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
    }
    return extractMin(minHeap);
}

void printCodes(struct MinHeapNode* root, int arr[], int top) {
    if (root->left) {
        arr[top] = 0;
        printCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
    }
    if (root->right) {
        arr[top] = 1;
        printCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
    }
    if (isLeaf(root)) {
        printf("%c: ", root->data);
        printArr(arr, top);
    }
}

void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeapNode* root = buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size);
    int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;
    printCodes(root, arr, top);
}

void decodeHuffman(struct MinHeapNode* root, char* str) {
    struct MinHeapNode* curr = root;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        if (str[i] == '0')
            curr = curr->left;
        else
            curr = curr->right;
        if (curr->left == NULL && curr->right == NULL) {
            printf("%c", curr->data);
            curr = root;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
    int freq[] = {5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45};
    int size = sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0]);
    HuffmanCodes(data, freq, size);
    char* str = "1001011000101100001011100011";
    decodeHuffman(buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size), str);
    return 0;
}

以上代码实现了Huffman编码的生成和解码操作。具体来说，它定义了一个结构体`MinHeapNode`，表示Huffman树中的一个节点，包含一个字符和出现频率。它还定义了一个结构体`MinHeap`，表示一个最小堆，其中存储了Huffman树中的所有节点。通过`createAndBuildMinHeap`函数，可以将字符集中的元素和它们的出现频率存储到最小堆中，然后通过`buildHuffmanTree`函数，可以构造Huffman树。最后，通过`printCodes`函数，可以输出每个字符的Huffman编码。在解码时，可以使用`decodeHuffman`函数，将Huffman编码还原为原始字符串。

以上代码只是一个简单的示例，实际应用中可能需要针对具体的应用场景进行一些调整。