用stm32实现从串口1接收由计算机发送过来的6个字节的数据串，其中，最后一个字节是前面5个字节的异或值（称为校验值）。在程序中进行校验，若计算的校验值和收到的校验值相同，则发回1；否则，发回0。通信参数：9600,n,8,1

下是一个简单的实现，首先需要开启串口1的接收中断，并在中断中将接收到的数据存储到一个数组中。当接收的字节数达到6个时，进行校验，并将结果通过串口1发送回计算机。

#include "stm32f10x.h"

uint8_t rx_buf[6];
uint8_t rx_cnt = 0;

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
        rx_buf[rx_cnt] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
        rx_cnt++;
        if (rx_cnt == 6)
        {
            uint8_t check = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                check ^= rx_buf[i];
            if (check == rx_buf[5])
                USART_SendData(USART1, 0x31); // 发送1
            else
                USART_SendData(USART1, 0x30); // 发送0
            rx_cnt = 0;
        }
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

    // 使能USART1和GPIOA时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

    // 配置USART1 Tx (PA9) 为复用推挽输出
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    // 配置USART1 Rx (PA10) 为浮空输入
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    // 配置USART1
    USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
    USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);

    // 配置USART1中断
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

    // 使能USART1
    USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);

    while (1)
    {
        // 等待中断处理数据
    }
}