class A: def __init__(self, s): self.s = s def print(self): print(s) a = A("Welcome") a.print()A、程序有错误,因为类A中没有构造方法 B、程序有错误,因为类A中有一个命名的print方法print(self, s) C、程序有错误,因为类A中有一个命名的print方法print(s) D、 如果方法print(s)改成print(self.
时间: 2024-03-03 13:51:39 浏览: 47
C、程序有错误,因为类A中有一个命名的print方法`print(s)`。
在代码中,类`A`定义了一个构造方法`__init__()`和一个实例方法`print()`。构造方法接受一个参数`s`,并将其保存在实例变量`self.s`中。实例方法`print()`输出实例变量`s`的值。然后,创建了一个类`A`的实例`a`,并将字符串"Welcome"传递给构造方法。最后,调用实例方法`print()`,输出"Welcome"。
然而,在实例方法`print()`中,使用了变量`s`,但是没有使用正确的方式来引用实例变量`s`。应该使用`self.s`的方式来引用实例变量`s`。因此,选项C中的命名方法`print(s)`在访问`s`时会导致`NameError`异常。
正确的代码应该是这样的:
```python
class A:
def __init__(self, s):
self.s = s
def print(self):
print(self.s)
a = A("Welcome")
a.print() # 输出 "Welcome"
```
在上面的代码中,类`A`的定义没有变化,但是在实例方法`print()`中使用了正确的方式来引用实例变量`s`,即使用`self.s`的方式。因此,创建`A`的实例`a`并调用`print()`方法时,输出"Welcome",没有报错。
相关问题
用Javaclass Animal: def __init__(self): self.sound = "叽里咕噜" def make_sound(self): print(self.sound)class Cat(Animal): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.sound = "喵喵"class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.sound = "汪汪"class Duck(Animal): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.sound = "嘎嘎"class Chicken(Animal): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.sound = "咯咯"# 测试代码animal_name = input("请输入动物名:")if animal_name == "猫": cat = Cat() print("猫 : " + cat.sound)elif animal_name == "狗": dog = Dog() print("狗 : " + dog.sound)elif animal_name == "鸭": duck = Duck() print("鸭 : " + duck.sound)elif animal_name == "鸡": chicken = Chicken() print("鸡 : " + chicken.sound)else: animal = Animal() print(animal_name + " : " + animal.sound)
这段代码定义了一个Animal类和四个子类Cat、Dog、Duck和Chicken。Animal类有一个属性sound和一个方法make_sound,子类继承了Animal类并重写了sound属性。每个子类都有自己的声音,分别是喵喵、汪汪、嘎嘎和咯咯。当调用make_sound方法时,会输出对应子类的声音。
优化代码class DeliveryRequest: def __init__(self, name, location, time): self.name = name self.location = location self.time = time class DeliveryStation: def __init__(self, location): self.location = location self.requests = [] def add_request(self, request): self.requests.append(request) def match_deliveryman(self, deliverymen): for request in self.requests: for deliveryman in deliverymen: if request.location == deliveryman.location and request.time == deliveryman.available_time: print(f"您有一个快递将送给{request.name},请您按时送货") print(f"您的快递将由{deliveryman.name}在{request.time}送达,请您按时等候") deliverymen.remove(deliveryman) break class DeliveryMan: def __init__(self, name, location, available_time): self.name = name self.location = location self.available_time = available_time class Dispatcher: def __init__(self, delivery_stations, deliverymen): self.delivery_stations = delivery_stations self.deliverymen = deliverymen def dispatch(self): for station in self.delivery_stations: station.match_deliveryman(self.deliverymen)
可以考虑优化代码的可读性和效率,例如使用列表推导式和更好的命名:
```python
class DeliveryRequest:
def __init__(self, name, location, time):
self.name = name
self.location = location
self.time = time
class DeliveryStation:
def __init__(self, location):
self.location = location
self.requests = []
def add_request(self, request):
self.requests.append(request)
def match_deliveryman(self, deliverymen):
for request in self.requests:
matching_deliverymen = [dm for dm in deliverymen if dm.location == request.location and dm.available_time == request.time]
for deliveryman in matching_deliverymen:
print(f"您有一个快递将送给{request.name},请您按时送货")
print(f"您的快递将由{deliveryman.name}在{request.time}送达,请您按时等候")
deliverymen.remove(deliveryman)
break
class DeliveryMan:
def __init__(self, name, location, available_time):
self.name = name
self.location = location
self.available_time = available_time
class Dispatcher:
def __init__(self, delivery_stations, deliverymen):
self.delivery_stations = delivery_stations
self.deliverymen = deliverymen
def dispatch(self):
for station in self.delivery_stations:
station.match_deliveryman(self.deliverymen)
```
这样,我们使用列表推导式来创建了一个匹配的快递员列表,然后使用一个 for 循环来遍历它。我们也使用更好的变量名来提高代码的可读性。
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