x, _ = F.multi_head_attention_forward( query=x, key=x, value=x, embed_dim_to_check=x.shape[-1], num_heads=self.num_heads, q_proj_weight=self.q_proj.weight, k_proj_weight=self.k_proj.weight, v_proj_weight=self.v_proj.weight, in_proj_weight=None, in_proj_bias=torch.cat([self.q_proj.bias, self.k_proj.bias, self.v_proj.bias]), bias_k=None, bias_v=None, add_zero_attn=False, dropout_p=0, out_proj_weight=self.c_proj.weight, out_proj_bias=self.c_proj.bias, use_separate_proj_weight=True, training=self.training, need_weights=False )
时间: 2023-06-19 16:05:56 浏览: 395
这段代码是一个多头注意力机制的前向传播实现,输入的是查询(query)、键(key)和值(value)的张量x,以及一些权重参数和超参数。在多头注意力机制中,将x分别进行线性变换并分成多个头,然后对每个头进行单独的注意力计算,并将计算结果在最后进行线性变换得到最终输出。这段代码中的参数设置和调用方式与PyTorch的API有些相似,但具体实现可能与PyTorch的实现略有不同。
相关问题
python语言实现multi-head-self-attention示例的代码:
### 回答1:
以下是一个 Python 代码示例,用于实现 multi-head self-attention:
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class MultiHeadAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads):
super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__()
self.num_heads = num_heads
self.d_model = d_model
self.depth = d_model // num_heads
self.query_linear = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.key_linear = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.value_linear = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.output_linear = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
def forward(self, query, key, value, mask=None):
batch_size = query.size()
# Linear transformations
query = self.query_linear(query)
key = self.key_linear(key)
value = self.value_linear(value)
# Split into heads
query = query.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, -1, self.depth)
key = key.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, -1, self.depth)
value = value.view(batch_size * self.num_heads, -1, self.depth)
# Transpose for matrix multiplication
query = query.transpose(1, 2)
key = key.transpose(1, 2)
value = value.transpose(1, 2)
# Calculate scores
scores = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(-2, -1))
scores = scores / torch.sqrt(torch.tensor(self.depth).float())
# Apply mask (if provided)
if mask is not None:
mask = mask.unsqueeze(1)
scores = scores.masked_fill(mask == , -1e9)
# Softmax
attention_weights = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)(scores)
# Dropout
attention_weights = nn.Dropout(p=.1)(attention_weights)
# Multiply by values
context = torch.matmul(attention_weights, value)
# Reshape and concatenate
context = context.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads * self.depth)
# Linear transformation
output = self.output_linear(context)
return output
```
希望对你有所帮助!
### 回答2:
下面是使用Python语言实现multi-head self-attention的一个示例代码:
```
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class MultiHeadSelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads):
super(MultiHeadSelfAttention, self).__init__()
self.num_heads = num_heads
self.d_head = d_model // num_heads
self.fc_query = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.fc_key = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.fc_value = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
self.fc_concat = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model)
def forward(self, x):
batch_size, seq_len, d_model = x.size()
h = self.num_heads
# Split input into multiple heads
query = self.fc_query(x).view(batch_size, seq_len, h, self.d_head)
key = self.fc_key(x).view(batch_size, seq_len, h, self.d_head)
value = self.fc_value(x).view(batch_size, seq_len, h, self.d_head)
# Compute attention scores
scores = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(-2, -1)) / (self.d_head ** 0.5)
attn_weights = F.softmax(scores, dim=-1)
# Apply attention weights to value vectors
attended_values = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
attended_values = attended_values.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, seq_len, -1)
# Concatenate and linearly transform attended values
output = self.fc_concat(attended_values)
return output
# 使用示例
d_model = 128
num_heads = 8
seq_len = 10
batch_size = 4
input_tensor = torch.randn(batch_size, seq_len, d_model)
attention = MultiHeadSelfAttention(d_model, num_heads)
output = attention(input_tensor)
print("Input Shape: ", input_tensor.shape)
print("Output Shape: ", output.shape)
```
上述代码定义了一个`MultiHeadSelfAttention`的类,其中`forward`函数实现了multi-head self-attention的计算过程。在使用示例中,我们输入一个大小为`(batch_size, seq_len, d_model)`的张量,经过multi-head self-attention计算后输出一个大小为`(batch_size, seq_len, d_model)`的张量。其中`d_model`表示输入的特征维度,`num_heads`表示attention头的数量。
### 回答3:
下面是使用Python实现multi-head self-attention示例的代码:
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class MultiHeadSelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, num_heads):
super(MultiHeadSelfAttention, self).__init__()
self.embed_size = embed_size
self.num_heads = num_heads
self.head_size = embed_size // num_heads
self.query = nn.Linear(embed_size, embed_size)
self.key = nn.Linear(embed_size, embed_size)
self.value = nn.Linear(embed_size, embed_size)
self.out = nn.Linear(embed_size, embed_size)
def forward(self, x):
batch_size, seq_len, embed_size = x.size()
# Split the embedding into num_heads and reshape
x = x.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_size)
x = x.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
# Apply linear transformations to obtain query, key, and value
query = self.query(x)
key = self.key(x)
value = self.value(x)
# Compute scaled dot product attention scores
scores = torch.matmul(query, key.permute(0, 1, 3, 2))
scores = scores / self.head_size**0.5
# Apply softmax to obtain attention probabilities
attn_probs = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)(scores)
# Apply attention weights to value and sum across heads
attended = torch.matmul(attn_probs, value)
attended = attended.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
attended = attended.contiguous().view(batch_size, seq_len, self.embed_size)
# Apply output linear transformation
output = self.out(attended)
return output
```
上述代码中定义了一个名为MultiHeadSelfAttention的类,继承自nn.Module,可以通过指定嵌入大小(embed_size)和头部数量(num_heads)来创建多头自注意力层。在前向传播方法forward中,先通过线性变换将输入张量分别变换为查询(query)、键(key)和值(value)张量。然后计算缩放点积注意力得分,将其作为注意力概率经过softmax函数进行归一化。通过注意力概率权重对值进行加权求和,并应用线性变换得到最终的输出张量。最后返回输出张量。
self-attention代码pytorch
### 回答1:
以下是一个使用PyTorch实现self-attention的示例代码:
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class SelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, heads):
super(SelfAttention, self).__init__()
self.embed_size = embed_size
self.heads = heads
self.head_dim = embed_size // heads
assert (self.head_dim * heads == embed_size), "Embed size needs to be divisible by heads"
self.values = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.keys = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.queries = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.fc_out = nn.Linear(heads * self.head_dim, embed_size)
def forward(self, values, keys, query, mask):
# Get number of training examples
N = query.shape[0]
# Get sequence length
query_len, key_len, value_len = query.shape[1], keys.shape[1], values.shape[1]
# Split embedding into self.heads pieces
query = query.reshape(N, query_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
keys = keys.reshape(N, key_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
values = values.reshape(N, value_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
# Transpose to get dimensions (N, self.heads, query_len, self.head_dim)
query = query.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
keys = keys.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
values = values.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
energy = torch.einsum("nqhd,nkhd->nhqk", [query, keys])
if mask is not None:
energy = energy.masked_fill(mask == 0, float("-1e20"))
attention = torch.softmax(energy / (self.embed_size ** (1/2)), dim=3)
out = torch.einsum("nhql,nlhd->nqhd", [attention, values]).reshape(N, query_len, self.heads * self.head_dim)
out = self.fc_out(out)
return out
```
这是一个实现self-attention的自定义PyTorch模块。模块的构造函数接受两个参数:embed_size和heads。embed_size是词嵌入的维度,heads是要分成多少个子头(也就是要进行多少次并行计算)。
forward函数接受四个参数:values、keys、query和mask。values、keys和query都是形状为(batch_size,sequence_length,embed_size)的张量,表示输入的词嵌入向量。mask是一个形状为(batch_size,sequence_length)的张量,用于掩盖一些词,避免它们对计算产生影响。
该模块将输入张量按子头分组,并使用nn.Linear层来获取值、键和查询。然后使用torch.einsum函数计算能量(又称为得分),并使用softmax函数计算注意力分布。最后,使用torch.einsum函数将值与注意力相乘,得到输出张量。最后,通过一个线性层这个实现的SelfAttention模块使用的是Multi-head Self-Attention的方法,将输入的embed_size维度按照子头数heads进行拆分,对每个子头进行独立的注意力计算,最后将所有子头的注意力计算结果进行拼接并使用一个全连接层进行最终输出。
具体来说,该模块将输入的query、keys、values张量先reshape成(batch_size,sequence_length,heads,head_dim)的形状,其中head_dim是embed_size除以heads得到的整数。然后,通过nn.Linear层将query、keys、values分别映射到形状为(batch_size,sequence_length,heads,head_dim)的张量,这里使用的是线性映射,所以没有使用激活函数。
接着,通过torch.einsum函数计算得分(能量),这里使用了 "nqhd,nkhd->nhqk" 的形式,其中n表示batch_size,q、k、v、h、d分别表示query_len、key_len、value_len、heads、head_dim的缩写。这个公式的意思是计算query和key之间的相似度,即得分,得到一个形状为(batch_size,heads,query_len,key_len)的张量。
如果提供了掩码mask,则通过masked_fill方法将mask中值为0的位置填充为负无穷,避免这些位置的词对得分产生影响。接着,通过softmax函数计算注意力分布,得到一个形状为(batch_size,heads,query_len,key_len)的张量。
最后,通过torch.einsum函数将values与注意力相乘得到输出张量,这里使用了 "nhql,nlhd->nqhd" 的形式,将注意力分布与values相乘,得到一个形状为(batch_size,heads,query_len,head_dim)的张量,然后reshape成(batch_size,query_len,heads*head_dim)的形状,即拼接所有子头的结果。最后通过一个全连接层进行线性变换,得到形状为(batch_size,query_len,embed_size)的输出张量。
需要注意的是,该实现没有使用任何层归一化或残差连接等技巧,如果需要在模型中使用Self-Attention,建议使用更完整的Self-Attention模块,例如Transformer。
### 回答2:
self-attention是一种用于自然语言处理任务的技术,其可以在输入序列中找到关键词并将其与其他词汇建立联系,从而增强模型对输入信息的理解。在pytorch中,可以通过以下代码实现self-attention:
首先,定义一个SelfAttention类:
```
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class SelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, hidden_size):
super(SelfAttention, self).__init__()
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.attention_weights = nn.Linear(hidden_size, hidden_size)
self.softmax = nn.Softmax(dim=1)
def forward(self, inputs):
attention_scores = self.attention_weights(inputs)
attention_scores = torch.tanh(attention_scores)
attention_weights = self.softmax(attention_scores)
context_vector = attention_weights * inputs
context_vector = context_vector.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
return context_vector, attention_weights
```
这里使用了Linear模块来创建注意力权重,并使用Softmax激活函数将权重标准化至0到1之间。然后,使用tanh函数将注意力分数缩放至[-1,1],以便更好地捕捉关键字之间的关系。最后,将输入序列和注意力权重相乘以获得上下文向量,该向量包含输入序列中最重要的信息。
接下来,我们可以使用SelfAttention模块来构建一个LSTM模型,示例如下:
```
class LSTMModel(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, output_size, dropout=0.2):
super(LSTMModel, self).__init__()
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.num_layers = num_layers
self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True, dropout=dropout, bidirectional=True)
self.attention = SelfAttention(hidden_size)
self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size*2, output_size)
def forward(self, inputs):
lstm_out, _ = self.lstm(inputs)
context, attention_weights = self.attention(lstm_out)
output = self.fc(context.squeeze())
return output, attention_weights
```
在该示例中,先使用nn.LSTM模块来定义LSTM层,然后将其传输给SelfAttention模块获取上下文向量而不是使用LSTM最终时间步长的隐藏状态。最后,将上下文向量传递给全连接层以获得最终的输出结果。使用SelfAttention模块可以提高模型在自然语言处理任务中的性能,尤其适用于多项任务和较长的文本序列。
### 回答3:
self-attention是一种注意力机制,用于将输入序列中不同位置的信息加权,以便在模型中动态地捕捉相关信息。PyTorch的self-attention模块用于实现这种机制,并且可以在多个应用中使用。
在PyTorch中,self-attention的实现方式是使用torch.nn.MultiheadAttention模块。该模块定义了一个多头注意力机制,用于处理输入序列中的不同位置之间的关系。它采用这些位置之间的相似性来构建加权向量表示输入序列,并将这些向量合并成单个向量。在实际应用中,该模块的输入可以是一个张量序列,输出则是一个与输入序列形状相同的张量序列。使用该模块的代码如下:
```python
import torch.nn as nn
import torch
class SelfAttentionLayer(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, heads):
super(SelfAttentionLayer, self).__init__()
self.input_size = input_size
self.heads = heads
assert input_size % heads == 0
self.head_dim = input_size // heads
self.query = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.key = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.value = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.fc = nn.Linear(heads * self.head_dim, input_size)
def forward(self, x):
# Get batch size and sequence length properly
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = x.size()
# Split input into heads and process
x = x.view(batch_size * seq_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
# Perform the linear transformations
Q = self.query(x)
K = self.key(x)
V = self.value(x)
# Perform multi-head attention
Q = Q.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size * self.heads, seq_len, self.head_dim)
K = K.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size * self.heads, seq_len, self.head_dim)
V = V.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size * self.heads, seq_len, self.head_dim)
dot = torch.bmm(Q, K.transpose(1, 2))
dot = dot / torch.sqrt(torch.tensor(self.input_size).float())
softmax = nn.Softmax(dim=2)
attention = softmax(dot)
out = torch.bmm(attention, V)
# Reshape output to the input size
out = out.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.heads * self.head_dim)
# Perform the final linear transformation
out = self.fc(out)
return out
```
该代码使用了一个自注意力层(SelfAttentionLayer),以实现动态地编码输入序列信息的功能。该层将输入张量输入到一个linear层,然后将其拆分成多个头向量。然后,该模块对每个头向量执行线性变换并以此计算注意力分数。使用softmax函数对注意力分数进行归一化,并将它们作为权重,加权地合并输入向量。最后,该模块将这些加权向量传递到另一个线性层,以产生模块的输出张量。
总的来说,使用self-attention的模型可以更好地处理输入序列,适用于各种神经网络应用领域,如自然语言处理、图像处理和语音识别等。使用PyTorch实现可让开发者更方便地利用这种技术,从而更快速地构建出复杂的模型。
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