Python matplotlib如何在一个窗口画多张图，界面一次只显示一张图，但可以使用forward to next view按钮切换

可以使用matplotlib的Figure和Subplot来实现在一个窗口画多张图，并使用NavigationToolbar2TkAgg类中的“forward”和“backward”按钮来切换视图。具体实现步骤如下：

1. 导入matplotlib和Tkinter库

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
    FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg)
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

2. 创建Tkinter窗口和matplotlib Figure对象

root = tk.Tk()
root.wm_title("多图窗口")

fig = plt.Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)

3. 创建Subplot对象，并绘制图形

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 6])
ax1.set_title("图1")

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [3, 6, 9])
ax2.set_title("图2")

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 8, 12])
ax3.set_title("图3")

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
ax4.plot([1, 2, 3], [5, 10, 15])
ax4.set_title("图4")

4. 创建FigureCanvasTkAgg对象，并将其添加到Tkinter窗口中

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=root)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

5. 创建NavigationToolbar2TkAgg对象，并将其添加到Tkinter窗口中

toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, root)
toolbar.update()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

6. 创建切换视图的按钮，并绑定到NavigationToolbar2TkAgg对象的“forward”和“backward”方法上

def forward():
    toolbar.forward()

def backward():
    toolbar.back()

button_forward = ttk.Button(root, text="Forward", command=forward)
button_forward.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

button_backward = ttk.Button(root, text="Backward", command=backward)
button_backward.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

7. 运行Tkinter mainloop()方法，显示窗口和图形

tk.mainloop()

完整代码如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
    FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg)
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
root.wm_title("多图窗口")

fig = plt.Figure(figsize=(5, 4), dpi=100)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 6])
ax1.set_title("图1")

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [3, 6, 9])
ax2.set_title("图2")

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223)
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 8, 12])
ax3.set_title("图3")

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224)
ax4.plot([1, 2, 3], [5, 10, 15])
ax4.set_title("图4")

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=root)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, root)
toolbar.update()
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

def forward():
    toolbar.forward()

def backward():
    toolbar.back()

button_forward = ttk.Button(root, text="Forward", command=forward)
button_forward.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

button_backward = ttk.Button(root, text="Backward", command=backward)
button_backward.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

tk.mainloop()