以生产者/消费者模型为依据，在Windows环境下创建一个控制台进程，在该进程中创建n个线程模拟生产者和消费者，实现进程(线程)的同步与互斥。他的核心代码相关： 1.先初始化缓冲区长度为6： /*buffer.h*/ typedef int buffer_item; #define BUFFER_SIZE 6 ；2.创建三个信号量：mutex信号量，作为互斥信号量，用于互斥的访问缓冲区； full信号量，判断缓冲区是否有值，初值为0； empty信号量，判断缓冲区是否有空缓冲区，初值为缓冲区数；3.缓冲将会被用于两个函数：insert_item()和remove_item()；4.编写两个函数：DWORD WINAPI producer(void *param)和DWORD WINAPI consumer(void *param)，随机函数rand()产生随机数；5.编写main（）函数 ；6.打印出相应结果。

以下是基于生产者/消费者模型的Windows控制台进程代码：

/* buffer.h */
typedef int buffer_item;
#define BUFFER_SIZE 6

/* Global variables */
buffer_item buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
int buffer_index;
HANDLE mutex, full, empty;
DWORD producer_thread_id, consumer_thread_id;

/* Function prototypes */
int insert_item(buffer_item item);
int remove_item(buffer_item *item);
DWORD WINAPI producer(void *param);
DWORD WINAPI consumer(void *param);

int main()
{
/* Initialize buffer */
buffer_index = 0;

/* Create semaphores */
mutex = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 1, 1, NULL);
full = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL);
empty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, BUFFER_SIZE, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL);

/* Create threads */
HANDLE producer_thread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, producer, NULL, 0, &producer_thread_id);
HANDLE consumer_thread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, consumer, NULL, 0, &consumer_thread_id);

/* Wait for threads to finish */
WaitForSingleObject(producer_thread, INFINITE);
WaitForSingleObject(consumer_thread, INFINITE);

/* Close handles */
CloseHandle(producer_thread);
CloseHandle(consumer_thread);
CloseHandle(mutex);
CloseHandle(full);
CloseHandle(empty);

return 0;
}

int insert_item(buffer_item item)
{
/* Acquire empty semaphore */
WaitForSingleObject(empty, INFINITE);

/* Acquire mutex semaphore */
WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE);

/* Insert item into buffer */
buffer[buffer_index] = item;
buffer_index++;

/* Release mutex semaphore */
ReleaseSemaphore(mutex, 1, NULL);

/* Release full semaphore */
ReleaseSemaphore(full, 1, NULL);

return 0;
}

int remove_item(buffer_item *item)
{
/* Acquire full semaphore */
WaitForSingleObject(full, INFINITE);

/* Acquire mutex semaphore */
WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE);

/* Remove item from buffer */
buffer_index--;
*item = buffer[buffer_index];

/* Release mutex semaphore */
ReleaseSemaphore(mutex, 1, NULL);

/* Release empty semaphore */
ReleaseSemaphore(empty, 1, NULL);

return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI producer(void *param)
{
buffer_item item;

while (TRUE)
{
/* Sleep for a random period of time */
Sleep(rand() % 1000);

/* Generate random item */
item = rand();

if (insert_item(item))
{
printf("Producer error\n");
}
else
{
printf("Producer produced %d\n", item);
}
}

return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI consumer(void *param)
{
buffer_item item;

while (TRUE)
{
/* Sleep for a random period of time */
Sleep(rand() % 1000);

if (remove_item(&item))
{
printf("Consumer error\n");
}
else
{
printf("Consumer consumed %d\n", item);
}
}

return 0;
}

在该模型中，生产者线程随机生成一个项并插入缓冲区，消费者线程从缓冲区中删除一个项。mutex信号量用于互斥的访问缓冲区，full信号量用于判断缓冲区是否有值，empty信号量用于判断缓冲区是否有空缓冲区。在main函数中，创建了两个线程，分别为生产者和消费者线程，并等待线程完成。最后，关闭所有的句柄并返回0。执行该程序将会打印出相应的结果。