expected string or bytes-like object

This error message typically occurs when a function or method is expecting a string or bytes-like object as an argument, but is instead receiving a different type of object.

For example, if a function is expecting a string as an argument, but is instead given an integer, it will raise this error.

To fix this error, make sure that the function is receiving the correct type of object as an argument. You may need to convert the object to a string or bytes-like object before passing it to the function.

Example:

def print_string(s):
    print(s)

print_string(123)  # Raises TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

To fix the error in the example above, we can convert the integer to a string before passing it to the function:

def print_string(s):
    print(s)

print_string(str(123))  # Outputs "123"