设计一个名为Person的类和它的两个名为Student 和 Employee的子类。Employee类又有子类:教员类Faculty 和职员类Staff。每个人都有姓名、地址、电话号码和电子邮件地址。学生有班级状态(大一、大二、大三或大四)。将这些状态定义为常量。一个雇员涉及办公室、工资教员有办公时间和级别。职员有职务称号。覆盖每个类中的toString方法，显示相应的类别名字和人名。实现这些类，并编写一个测试程序，创建Person、Student、Employee、Faculty和 Staff，并且调用它们的toString ()方法。

下面是一个可能的实现，包含Person、Student、Employee、Faculty和Staff类，以及一个测试程序：

// Person类
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String address;
    private String phoneNumber;
    private String email;

    public Person(String name, String address, String phoneNumber, String email) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public String getPhoneNumber() {
        return phoneNumber;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person: " + name;
    }
}

// Student类
public class Student extends Person {
    public static final int FRESHMAN = 1;
    public static final int SOPHOMORE = 2;
    public static final int JUNIOR = 3;
    public static final int SENIOR = 4;

    private int status;

    public Student(String name, String address, String phoneNumber, String email, int status) {
        super(name, address, phoneNumber, email);
        this.status = status;
    }

    public int getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student: " + getName();
    }
}

// Employee类
public class Employee extends Person {
    private String office;
    private double salary;
    private String hireDate;

    public Employee(String name, String address, String phoneNumber, String email, String office, double salary, String hireDate) {
        super(name, address, phoneNumber, email);
        this.office = office;
        this.salary = salary;
        this.hireDate = hireDate;
    }

    public String getOffice() {
        return office;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public String getHireDate() {
        return hireDate;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee: " + getName();
    }
}

// Faculty类
public class Faculty extends Employee {
    private String officeHours;
    private String rank;

    public Faculty(String name, String address, String phoneNumber, String email, String office, double salary, String hireDate, String officeHours, String rank) {
        super(name, address, phoneNumber, email, office, salary, hireDate);
        this.officeHours = officeHours;
        this.rank = rank;
    }

    public String getOfficeHours() {
        return officeHours;
    }

    public String getRank() {
        return rank;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Faculty: " + getName();
    }
}

// Staff类
public class Staff extends Employee {
    private String title;

    public Staff(String name, String address, String phoneNumber, String email, String office, double salary, String hireDate, String title) {
        super(name, address, phoneNumber, email, office, salary, hireDate);
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Staff: " + getName();
    }
}

// 测试程序
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person("John", "123 Main St", "555-1234", "john@example.com");
        System.out.println(person);

        Student student = new Student("Jane", "456 Oak St", "555-5678", "jane@example.com", Student.SOPHOMORE);
        System.out.println(student);

        Employee employee = new Employee("Bob", "789 Elm St", "555-9012", "bob@example.com", "A101", 50000, "1/1/2021");
        System.out.println(employee);

        Faculty faculty = new Faculty("Alice", "345 Pine St", "555-3456", "alice@example.com", "B202", 80000, "1/1/2020", "MWF 9-11", "Professor");
        System.out.println(faculty);

        Staff staff = new Staff("Tom", "678 Maple St", "555-7890", "tom@example.com", "C303", 40000, "1/1/2019", "Clerk");
        System.out.println(staff);
    }
}

输出结果：

Person: John
Student: Jane
Employee: Bob
Faculty: Alice
Staff: Tom