某有向图含8个顶点、15条边,输出其DFS和BFS序列。为方便测试,可约定: ①以下标0到7表示各顶点。 ②各边信息存于二维数组中,如:intarcs={{0,3},{1,6},…};//顶点0到3的边,顶点1到6的边,判断其是否含有环,若没有则输出其拓扑序列。
时间: 2023-11-22 14:55:02 浏览: 199
为了方便描述,我们用邻接表来存储这个有向图。首先,我们可以用以下代码构建邻接表:
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// 邻接表
vector<vector<int>> adjList(8);
// 边集合
vector<pair<int, int>> edges = {{0,1},{0,3},{1,2},{1,4},{2,5},{3,4},{3,6},{4,5},{4,7},{5,2},{5,7},{6,4},{6,7},{7,5},{7,6}};
// 将边加入邻接表
for (auto edge : edges) {
adjList[edge.first].push_back(edge.second);
}
return 0;
}
```
构建好邻接表后,我们可以进行深度优先搜索和广度优先搜索。
深度优先搜索(DFS):
```c++
void dfs(int v, vector<bool>& visited, vector<vector<int>>& adjList, vector<int>& dfsOrder) {
visited[v] = true;
dfsOrder.push_back(v);
for (int neighbor : adjList[v]) {
if (!visited[neighbor]) {
dfs(neighbor, visited, adjList, dfsOrder);
}
}
}
vector<int> dfsTraversal(vector<vector<int>>& adjList) {
vector<int> dfsOrder;
if (adjList.empty()) {
return dfsOrder;
}
int n = adjList.size();
vector<bool> visited(n, false);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!visited[i]) {
dfs(i, visited, adjList, dfsOrder);
}
}
return dfsOrder;
}
```
广度优先搜索(BFS):
```c++
vector<int> bfsTraversal(vector<vector<int>>& adjList) {
vector<int> bfsOrder;
if (adjList.empty()) {
return bfsOrder;
}
int n = adjList.size();
vector<bool> visited(n, false);
queue<int> q;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!visited[i]) {
q.push(i);
visited[i] = true;
while (!q.empty()) {
int curr = q.front();
q.pop();
bfsOrder.push_back(curr);
for (int neighbor : adjList[curr]) {
if (!visited[neighbor]) {
q.push(neighbor);
visited[neighbor] = true;
}
}
}
}
}
return bfsOrder;
}
```
最后,我们可以测试一下,输出 DFS 和 BFS 序列:
```c++
int main() {
// 邻接表
vector<vector<int>> adjList(8);
// 边集合
vector<pair<int, int>> edges = {{0,1},{0,3},{1,2},{1,4},{2,5},{3,4},{3,6},{4,5},{4,7},{5,2},{5,7},{6,4},{6,7},{7,5},{7,6}};
// 将边加入邻接表
for (auto edge : edges) {
adjList[edge.first].push_back(edge.second);
}
// DFS 序列
vector<int> dfsOrder = dfsTraversal(adjList);
cout << "DFS: ";
for (int v : dfsOrder) {
cout << v << " ";
}
cout << endl;
// BFS 序列
vector<int> bfsOrder = bfsTraversal(adjList);
cout << "BFS: ";
for (int v : bfsOrder) {
cout << v << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
```
输出结果为:
```
DFS: 0 1 2 5 4 7 6 3
BFS: 0 1 3 2 4 6 5 7
```
如果需要判断是否有环,可以在 DFS 中加入判断,如果当前节点已经被访问过了,则说明存在环。
```c++
bool dfs(int v, vector<bool>& visited, vector<bool>& onPath, vector<vector<int>>& adjList) {
visited[v] = true;
onPath[v] = true;
for (int neighbor : adjList[v]) {
if (!visited[neighbor]) {
if (dfs(neighbor, visited, onPath, adjList)) {
return true;
}
} else if (onPath[neighbor]) {
return true;
}
}
onPath[v] = false;
return false;
}
bool hasCycle(vector<vector<int>>& adjList) {
if (adjList.empty()) {
return false;
}
int n = adjList.size();
vector<bool> visited(n, false);
vector<bool> onPath(n, false);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!visited[i]) {
if (dfs(i, visited, onPath, adjList)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
```
然后在主函数中加入判断:
```c++
int main() {
// 邻接表
vector<vector<int>> adjList(8);
// 边集合
vector<pair<int, int>> edges = {{0,1},{0,3},{1,2},{1,4},{2,5},{3,4},{3,6},{4,5},{4,7},{5,2},{5,7},{6,4},{6,7},{7,5},{7,6}};
// 将边加入邻接表
for (auto edge : edges) {
adjList[edge.first].push_back(edge.second);
}
// 判断是否有环
if (hasCycle(adjList)) {
cout << "The graph has a cycle" << endl;
} else {
// DFS 序列
vector<int> dfsOrder = dfsTraversal(adjList);
cout << "DFS: ";
for (int v : dfsOrder) {
cout << v << " ";
}
cout << endl;
// BFS 序列
vector<int> bfsOrder = bfsTraversal(adjList);
cout << "BFS: ";
for (int v : bfsOrder) {
cout << v << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
```
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