stm32实时显示时间

要在STM32上实时显示时间，可以使用内置的定时器和RTC模块。以下是一些基本步骤：

1. 配置RTC模块：使用CubeMX等工具配置RTC模块，并设置时间格式和时钟源等参数。

2. 配置定时器：使用CubeMX等工具配置一个定时器，定时器周期设置为1秒。

3. 在定时器中断中更新时间：在定时器中断服务程序中，读取RTC模块中的时间，将其转换为字符串格式，并显示在LCD等显示器上。

4. 更新时间：使用RTC模块提供的时间更新功能，可以保证时间的准确性。

下面是一个简单的示例代码：

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "stdio.h"

RTC_HandleTypeDef hrtc;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

char time_string[9];

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
static void MX_RTC_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  if (htim->Instance == TIM2)
  {
    RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0};

    HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);

    sprintf(time_string, "%02d:%02d:%02d", sTime.Hours, sTime.Minutes, sTime.Seconds);

    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)time_string, strlen(time_string), 100);
  }
}

int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_RTC_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();

  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);

  while (1)
  {
    HAL_RTC_AlarmIRQHandler(&hrtc);
  }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |
                                RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_RTC_Init(void)
{
  RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0};
  RTC_DateTypeDef sDate = {0};
  RTC_AlarmTypeDef sAlarm = {0};

  hrtc.Instance = RTC;
  hrtc.Init.AsynchPrediv = 127;
  hrtc.Init.SynchPrediv = 255;
  hrtc.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
  hrtc.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;
  if (HAL_RTC_Init(&hrtc) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  sTime.Hours = 0x12;
  sTime.Minutes = 0x0;
  sTime.Seconds = 0x0;
  sTime.DayLightSaving = RTC_DAYLIGHTSAVING_NONE;
  sTime.StoreOperation = RTC_STOREOPERATION_RESET;
  if (HAL_RTC_SetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BCD) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  sDate.WeekDay = RTC_WEEKDAY_MONDAY;
  sDate.Month = RTC_MONTH_JANUARY;
  sDate.Date = 0x1;
  sDate.Year = 0x0;
  if (HAL_RTC_SetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BCD) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  sAlarm.AlarmTime.Hours = 0x0;
  sAlarm.AlarmTime.Minutes = 0x0;
  sAlarm.AlarmTime.Seconds = 0x0;
  sAlarm.AlarmTime.SubSeconds = 0x0;
  sAlarm.AlarmTime.DayLightSaving = RTC_DAYLIGHTSAVING_NONE;
  sAlarm.AlarmTime.StoreOperation = RTC_STOREOPERATION_RESET;
  sAlarm.AlarmMask = RTC_ALARMMASK_NONE;
  sAlarm.AlarmSubSecondMask = RTC_ALARMSUBSECONDMASK_NONE;
  sAlarm.AlarmDateWeekDaySel = RTC_ALARMDATEWEEKDAYSEL_DATE;
  sAlarm.AlarmDateWeekDay = 0x1;
  sAlarm.Alarm = RTC_ALARM_A;
  if (HAL_RTC_SetAlarm(&hrtc, &sAlarm, RTC_FORMAT_BCD) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = 7200 - 1;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = 10000 - 1;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

void Error_Handler(void)
{
  while (1)
  {
  }
}

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
}
#endif

在这个例子中，我们使用了STM32F103C8T6开发板和Keil uVision5开发环境，将时间字符串通过串口输出。可以根据具体需求，将时间显示在LCD等显示器上。