if self.output_sigmoid: x = self.sigmoid(x)什么意思
时间: 2024-05-24 18:14:58 浏览: 14
这段代码是在一个神经网络模型中的某个层中,用来进行输出激活函数的操作。如果 `self.output_sigmoid` 为 True,就会将输入 `x` 经过 sigmoid 函数的计算后返回,如果为 False,则直接返回输入 `x`。
Sigmoid 函数是一种常用的激活函数,其可以将输入值映射到 0 到 1 之间,通常用于二分类问题的输出层。在神经网络中,激活函数的作用是将神经元的输出转换为非线性的形式,以增加神经网络的表达能力,使其能够更好地拟合非线性的模型。
相关问题
class UNetEx(nn.Layer): def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, filters=[16, 32, 64], layers=3, weight_norm=True, batch_norm=True, activation=nn.ReLU, final_activation=None): super().__init__() assert len(filters) > 0 self.final_activation = final_activation self.encoder = create_encoder(in_channels, filters, kernel_size, weight_norm, batch_norm, activation, layers) decoders = [] for i in range(out_channels): decoders.append(create_decoder(1, filters, kernel_size, weight_norm, batch_norm, activation, layers)) self.decoders = nn.Sequential(*decoders) def encode(self, x): tensors = [] indices = [] sizes = [] for encoder in self.encoder: x = encoder(x) sizes.append(x.shape) tensors.append(x) x, ind = F.max_pool2d(x, 2, 2, return_mask=True) indices.append(ind) return x, tensors, indices, sizes def decode(self, _x, _tensors, _indices, _sizes): y = [] for _decoder in self.decoders: x = _x tensors = _tensors[:] indices = _indices[:] sizes = _sizes[:] for decoder in _decoder: tensor = tensors.pop() size = sizes.pop() ind = indices.pop() # 反池化操作,为上采样 x = F.max_unpool2d(x, ind, 2, 2, output_size=size) x = paddle.concat([tensor, x], axis=1) x = decoder(x) y.append(x) return paddle.concat(y, axis=1) def forward(self, x): x, tensors, indices, sizes = self.encode(x) x = self.decode(x, tensors, indices, sizes) if self.final_activation is not None: x = self.final_activation(x) return x 不修改上述神经网络的encoder和decoder的生成方式,用嘴少量的代码实现attention机制,在上述代码里修改。
可以在UNetEx类中加入一个Attention模块,然后在decode函数中使用该Attention模块。具体实现如下:
```
class Attention(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super().__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2D(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2D(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1)
def forward(self, x, y):
x = self.conv1(x)
y = self.conv2(y)
z = paddle.add(x, y)
z = nn.functional.sigmoid(z)
z = paddle.multiply(x, z)
return z
class UNetEx(nn.Layer):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, filters=[16, 32, 64], layers=3,
weight_norm=True, batch_norm=True, activation=nn.ReLU, final_activation=None):
super().__init__()
assert len(filters) > 0
self.final_activation = final_activation
self.encoder = create_encoder(in_channels, filters, kernel_size, weight_norm, batch_norm, activation, layers)
self.attention = Attention(filters[-1], filters[-1])
decoders = []
for i in range(out_channels):
decoders.append(create_decoder(1, filters, kernel_size, weight_norm, batch_norm, activation, layers))
self.decoders = nn.Sequential(*decoders)
def encode(self, x):
tensors = []
indices = []
sizes = []
for encoder in self.encoder:
x = encoder(x)
sizes.append(x.shape)
tensors.append(x)
x, ind = F.max_pool2d(x, 2, 2, return_mask=True)
indices.append(ind)
return x, tensors, indices, sizes
def decode(self, _x, _tensors, _indices, _sizes):
y = []
for _decoder in self.decoders:
x = _x
tensors = _tensors[:]
indices = _indices[:]
sizes = _sizes[:]
for decoder in _decoder:
tensor = tensors.pop()
size = sizes.pop()
ind = indices.pop()
# 反池化操作,为上采样
x = F.max_unpool2d(x, ind, 2, 2, output_size=size)
x = self.attention(tensor, x) # 使用Attention模块
x = decoder(x)
y.append(x)
return paddle.concat(y, axis=1)
def forward(self, x):
x, tensors, indices, sizes = self.encode(x)
x = self.decode(x, tensors, indices, sizes)
if self.final_activation is not None:
x = self.final_activation(x)
return x
```
在该代码中,我们增加了一个Attention类,它接收两个特征图,通过两个1x1卷积层将它们映射到同一维度,然后将它们相加并通过sigmoid函数归一化,最后将第一个特征图与归一化后的结果相乘得到注意力加权后的特征图。在UNetEx类中,我们在decoder函数中使用了Attention类,并将encoder中的最后一层特征图与decoder中的每一层特征图进行注意力加权。这样就实现了在UNetEx中加入Attention机制。
运行以下Python代码:import torchimport torch.nn as nnimport torch.optim as optimfrom torchvision import datasets, transformsfrom torch.utils.data import DataLoaderfrom torch.autograd import Variableclass Generator(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim, num_filters): super(Generator, self).__init__() self.input_dim = input_dim self.output_dim = output_dim self.num_filters = num_filters self.net = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(input_dim, num_filters), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(num_filters, num_filters*2), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(num_filters*2, num_filters*4), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(num_filters*4, output_dim), nn.Tanh() ) def forward(self, x): x = self.net(x) return xclass Discriminator(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_dim, num_filters): super(Discriminator, self).__init__() self.input_dim = input_dim self.num_filters = num_filters self.net = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(input_dim, num_filters*4), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2), nn.Linear(num_filters*4, num_filters*2), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2), nn.Linear(num_filters*2, num_filters), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2), nn.Linear(num_filters, 1), nn.Sigmoid() ) def forward(self, x): x = self.net(x) return xclass ConditionalGAN(object): def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim, num_filters, learning_rate): self.generator = Generator(input_dim, output_dim, num_filters) self.discriminator = Discriminator(input_dim+1, num_filters) self.optimizer_G = optim.Adam(self.generator.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) self.optimizer_D = optim.Adam(self.discriminator.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) def train(self, data_loader, num_epochs): for epoch in range(num_epochs): for i, (inputs, labels) in enumerate(data_loader): # Train discriminator with real data real_inputs = Variable(inputs) real_labels = Variable(labels) real_labels = real_labels.view(real_labels.size(0), 1) real_inputs = torch.cat((real_inputs, real_labels), 1) real_outputs = self.discriminator(real_inputs) real_loss = nn.BCELoss()(real_outputs, torch.ones(real_outputs.size())) # Train discriminator with fake data noise = Variable(torch.randn(inputs.size(0), self.generator.input_dim)) fake_labels = Variable(torch.LongTensor(inputs.size(0)).random_(0, 10)) fake_labels = fake_labels.view(fake_labels.size(0), 1) fake_inputs = self.generator(torch.cat((noise, fake_labels.float()), 1)) fake_inputs = torch.cat((fake_inputs, fake_labels), 1) fake_outputs = self.discriminator(fake_inputs) fake_loss = nn.BCELoss()(fake_outputs, torch.zeros(fake_outputs.size())) # Backpropagate and update weights for discriminator discriminator_loss = real_loss + fake_loss self.discriminator.zero_grad() discriminator_loss.backward() self.optimizer_D.step() # Train generator noise = Variable(torch.randn(inputs.size(0), self.generator.input_dim)) fake_labels = Variable(torch.LongTensor(inputs.size(0)).random_(0,
这是一个用 PyTorch 实现的条件 GAN,以下是代码的简要解释:
首先引入 PyTorch 相关的库和模块:
```
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch.autograd import Variable
```
接下来定义生成器(Generator)和判别器(Discriminator)的类:
```
class Generator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim, num_filters):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.input_dim = input_dim
self.output_dim = output_dim
self.num_filters = num_filters
self.net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(input_dim, num_filters),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(num_filters, num_filters*2),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(num_filters*2, num_filters*4),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(num_filters*4, output_dim),
nn.Tanh()
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.net(x)
return x
class Discriminator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_dim, num_filters):
super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
self.input_dim = input_dim
self.num_filters = num_filters
self.net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(input_dim, num_filters*4),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2),
nn.Linear(num_filters*4, num_filters*2),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2),
nn.Linear(num_filters*2, num_filters),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2),
nn.Linear(num_filters, 1),
nn.Sigmoid()
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.net(x)
return x
```
其中,生成器接受输入维度 input_dim、输出维度 output_dim 和 num_filters 个特征,采用线性层和激活函数构建多层神经网络。判别器接受输入维度 input_dim 和 num_filters 个特征,同样采用线性层和激活函数构建多层神经网络。
最后定义条件 GAN 的类 ConditionalGAN,该类包括生成器、判别器和优化器,以及 train 方法进行训练:
```
class ConditionalGAN(object):
def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim, num_filters, learning_rate):
self.generator = Generator(input_dim, output_dim, num_filters)
self.discriminator = Discriminator(input_dim+1, num_filters)
self.optimizer_G = optim.Adam(self.generator.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
self.optimizer_D = optim.Adam(self.discriminator.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
def train(self, data_loader, num_epochs):
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for i, (inputs, labels) in enumerate(data_loader):
...
```
其中,ConditionalGAN 类接受输入维度 input_dim、输出维度 output_dim、特征数 num_filters 和学习率 learning_rate。train 方法则接受数据加载器 data_loader 和训练轮数 num_epochs,用于训练模型。
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