模拟实现非对称密码算法rsa的加密解密功能

好的，下面是模拟实现非对称密码算法RSA的加密解密功能的代码，代码中使用了Python语言实现：

import random

def gcd(a, b):
    while b != 0:
        a, b = b, a % b
    return a

def extended_gcd(a, b):
    if a == 0:
        return (b, 0, 1)
    else:
        g, y, x = extended_gcd(b % a, a)
        return (g, x - (b // a) * y, y)

def modinv(a, m):
    g, x, y = extended_gcd(a, m)
    if g != 1:
        raise Exception('No modular inverse')
    else:
        return x % m

def is_prime(num):
    if num < 2:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(num**0.5)+1):
        if num % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

def generate_keypair(p, q):
    if not (is_prime(p) and is_prime(q)):
        raise ValueError('Both numbers must be prime.')
    elif p == q:
        raise ValueError('p and q cannot be equal')
    n = p * q
    phi = (p-1) * (q-1)
    e = random.randrange(1, phi)
    g = gcd(e, phi)
    while g != 1:
        e = random.randrange(1, phi)
        g = gcd(e, phi)
    d = modinv(e, phi)
    return ((e, n), (d, n))

def encrypt(pk, plaintext):
    key, n = pk
    cipher = [(ord(char) ** key) % n for char in plaintext]
    return cipher

def decrypt(pk, ciphertext):
    key, n = pk
    plain = [chr((char ** key) % n) for char in ciphertext]
    return ''.join(plain)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = int(input("Enter a prime number (17, 19, 23, etc): "))
    q = int(input("Enter another prime number (Not one you entered above): "))
    public, private = generate_keypair(p, q)
    print("Your public key is ", public, " and your private key is ", private)
    message = input("Enter a message to encrypt with your private key: ")
    encrypted_msg = encrypt(private, message)
    print("Your encrypted message is: ")
    print(''.join(map(lambda x: str(x), encrypted_msg)))
    print("Decrypting message with public key ", public, " . . .")
    print("Your message is:")
    print(decrypt(public, encrypted_msg))

使用方法:

1. 首先输入两个不同的质数 p 和 q；
2. 程序会自动生成公钥和私钥，分别保存在 public 和 private 变量中；
3. 输入要加密的信息 message；
4. 程序会用私钥加密信息，并输出加密后的密文 encrypted_msg；
5. 程序会用公钥解密密文，并输出解密后的明文 message。

需要注意的是，这里生成的密文是数字序列，需要转换成字符序列，才能正确地输出解密后的明文。