Qt串口短接的自动收发检测以线程方式代码实现

以下是一个简单的Qt串口短接的自动收发检测的示例代码，以线程方式实现：

//SerialThread.h

#ifndef SERIALTHREAD_H
#define SERIALTHREAD_H

#include <QThread>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QMutex>

class SerialThread : public QThread
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit SerialThread(QObject *parent = nullptr);

    void run() override;

    void openSerialPort(QString portName, int baudRate);
    void closeSerialPort();

signals:
    void receivedData(QByteArray data);

private slots:
    void readData();

private:
    QSerialPort m_serialPort;
    QMutex m_mutex;
    bool m_running;
};

#endif // SERIALTHREAD_H

//SerialThread.cpp

#include "SerialThread.h"

SerialThread::SerialThread(QObject *parent) : QThread(parent)
{
    m_running = false;
}

void SerialThread::run()
{
    m_running = true;

    while (m_running)
    {
        if (m_serialPort.isOpen())
        {
            QByteArray data;
            if (m_serialPort.waitForReadyRead(100))
            {
                m_mutex.lock();
                data = m_serialPort.readAll();
                m_mutex.unlock();

                if (!data.isEmpty())
                {
                    emit receivedData(data);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            msleep(1000);
        }
    }
}

void SerialThread::openSerialPort(QString portName, int baudRate)
{
    if (m_serialPort.isOpen())
    {
        return;
    }

    m_mutex.lock();

    m_serialPort.setPortName(portName);
    m_serialPort.setBaudRate(baudRate);
    m_serialPort.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
    m_serialPort.setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
    m_serialPort.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
    m_serialPort.setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);

    if (m_serialPort.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
    {
        connect(&m_serialPort, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readData()));
    }

    m_mutex.unlock();
}

void SerialThread::closeSerialPort()
{
    m_mutex.lock();
    m_serialPort.close();
    disconnect(&m_serialPort, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readData()));
    m_mutex.unlock();
}

void SerialThread::readData()
{
    m_mutex.lock();
    QByteArray data = m_serialPort.readAll();
    m_mutex.unlock();

    if (!data.isEmpty())
    {
        emit receivedData(data);
    }
}

在主线程中，可以通过以下方式来使用该类：

//MainWindow.cpp

#include "MainWindow.h"
#include "ui_MainWindow.h"
#include "SerialThread.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    // 创建串口线程
    m_serialThread = new SerialThread(this);
    connect(m_serialThread, SIGNAL(receivedData(QByteArray)), this, SLOT(onReceivedData(QByteArray)));

    // 打开串口
    m_serialThread->openSerialPort("COM1", 9600);

    // 启动定时器
    startTimer(1000);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    // 关闭串口
    m_serialThread->closeSerialPort();

    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::onReceivedData(QByteArray data)
{
    // 处理接收到的数据
    ui->textEdit->append(QString::fromUtf8(data));
}

void MainWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *)
{
    // 定时向串口发送数据
    if (m_serialThread->isRunning() && m_serialThread->m_serialPort.isOpen())
    {
        m_serialThread->m_mutex.lock();
        m_serialThread->m_serialPort.write("hello");
        m_serialThread->m_mutex.unlock();
    }

    // 检测串口是否短接
    if (m_serialThread->isRunning() && m_serialThread->m_serialPort.isOpen())
    {
        m_serialThread->m_mutex.lock();
        m_serialThread->m_serialPort.write("test");
        m_serialThread->m_mutex.unlock();
    }
}

需要注意的是，在进行串口操作时，需要考虑串口的线程安全性。可以使用QMutex来保护串口的读写操作，避免多个线程同时对串口进行读写操作导致数据不一致的问题。