1.运行下列程序,分析结果。 #include <iostream> #include<fstream> using namespace std; int main() { fstream out,in; out.open("a.dat",ios::out); out<<"As a matter of fact,\n"; out<<"operating file \n"; out<<"is the same as inputing/outputing data on screen...\n"; out.close(); char buffer[80]; in.open("a.dat",ios::in); while(!in.eof()) { in.getline(buffer,80); cout<<buffer<<endl; } return 0;
时间: 2024-01-15 19:05:25 浏览: 159
这段程序的功能是将一些文本写入到名为"a.dat"的文件中,然后从文件中读取文本并将其输出到屏幕上。
具体来说,程序首先定义了两个fstream对象out和in,用于写入和读取文件。然后使用out对象打开文件"a.dat",并使用流插入运算符将一些文本写入到文件中。接着,程序使用close()函数关闭文件。
然后程序使用in对象打开文件"a.dat",并使用getline()函数从文件中读取文本。在while循环中,程序反复读取文件中的一行文本,将其存储到缓冲区buffer中,并使用cout输出到屏幕上,直到文件结束符eof()被读取。
运行该程序,屏幕上将输出以下内容:
As a matter of fact,
operating file
is the same as inputing/outputing data on screen...
这是因为这些文本被写入到了"a.dat"文件中,并被成功读取并输出到屏幕上。
相关问题
在不使用任何STL容器的前提下实现这个代码#include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <stack> #include <fstream> #include <vector> #include <cmath> #include <iomanip> #include <exception> #include <climits> #include <array> #include <cstdint> #include <string> using namespace std; class T { public: virtual bool isOperator() = 0; virtual ~T() {} };
可以使用裸指针和自定义容器实现这段代码。
首先,我们需要定义一个自定义容器来存储T类型的指针。这个容器可以使用动态数组实现,需要自己管理内存。下面是一个简单的实现:
```c++
class MyVector {
public:
MyVector() : size_(0), capacity_(0), data_(nullptr) {}
~MyVector() {
clear();
delete[] data_;
}
void push_back(T* ptr) {
if (size_ == capacity_) {
reserve(capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : capacity_ * 2);
}
data_[size_++] = ptr;
}
void pop_back() {
if (size_ > 0) {
--size_;
}
}
T* back() const {
return size_ > 0 ? data_[size_ - 1] : nullptr;
}
bool empty() const {
return size_ == 0;
}
void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
delete data_[i];
}
size_ = 0;
}
private:
void reserve(int new_capacity) {
T** new_data = new T*[new_capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
new_data[i] = data_[i];
}
delete[] data_;
data_ = new_data;
capacity_ = new_capacity;
}
int size_;
int capacity_;
T** data_;
};
```
接下来,我们需要定义一个栈,用来存储T类型的指针。这个栈可以使用动态数组实现,也需要自己管理内存。栈的基本操作包括push、pop、top等,可以按照以下方式实现:
```c++
class MyStack {
public:
MyStack() : size_(0), capacity_(0), data_(nullptr) {}
~MyStack() {
clear();
delete[] data_;
}
void push(T* ptr) {
if (size_ == capacity_) {
reserve(capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : capacity_ * 2);
}
data_[size_++] = ptr;
}
void pop() {
if (size_ > 0) {
--size_;
}
}
T* top() const {
return size_ > 0 ? data_[size_ - 1] : nullptr;
}
bool empty() const {
return size_ == 0;
}
void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
delete data_[i];
}
size_ = 0;
}
private:
void reserve(int new_capacity) {
T** new_data = new T*[new_capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
new_data[i] = data_[i];
}
delete[] data_;
data_ = new_data;
capacity_ = new_capacity;
}
int size_;
int capacity_;
T** data_;
};
```
最后,我们可以定义一个派生自T的类,来实现isOperator()函数。这个函数在子类中可以根据实际需求来具体实现。
```c++
class MyT : public T {
public:
bool isOperator() override {
// 实现具体的逻辑
return false;
}
};
```
这样,就可以在不使用STL容器的前提下实现这个代码了。完整代码如下:
```c++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class T {
public:
virtual bool isOperator() = 0;
virtual ~T() {}
};
class MyT : public T {
public:
bool isOperator() override {
// 实现具体的逻辑
return false;
}
};
class MyVector {
public:
MyVector() : size_(0), capacity_(0), data_(nullptr) {}
~MyVector() {
clear();
delete[] data_;
}
void push_back(T* ptr) {
if (size_ == capacity_) {
reserve(capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : capacity_ * 2);
}
data_[size_++] = ptr;
}
void pop_back() {
if (size_ > 0) {
--size_;
}
}
T* back() const {
return size_ > 0 ? data_[size_ - 1] : nullptr;
}
bool empty() const {
return size_ == 0;
}
void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
delete data_[i];
}
size_ = 0;
}
private:
void reserve(int new_capacity) {
T** new_data = new T*[new_capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
new_data[i] = data_[i];
}
delete[] data_;
data_ = new_data;
capacity_ = new_capacity;
}
int size_;
int capacity_;
T** data_;
};
class MyStack {
public:
MyStack() : size_(0), capacity_(0), data_(nullptr) {}
~MyStack() {
clear();
delete[] data_;
}
void push(T* ptr) {
if (size_ == capacity_) {
reserve(capacity_ == 0 ? 1 : capacity_ * 2);
}
data_[size_++] = ptr;
}
void pop() {
if (size_ > 0) {
--size_;
}
}
T* top() const {
return size_ > 0 ? data_[size_ - 1] : nullptr;
}
bool empty() const {
return size_ == 0;
}
void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
delete data_[i];
}
size_ = 0;
}
private:
void reserve(int new_capacity) {
T** new_data = new T*[new_capacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
new_data[i] = data_[i];
}
delete[] data_;
data_ = new_data;
capacity_ = new_capacity;
}
int size_;
int capacity_;
T** data_;
};
int main() {
MyVector vec;
vec.push_back(new MyT());
vec.clear();
MyStack stk;
stk.push(new MyT());
stk.clear();
return 0;
}
```
#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> #include <climits> #include <string> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <map> using namespace std; struct Value { char str[10000]; }; void structSort(Value *a, int n) { @你的代码 } int n; Value a[5000]; int main() { scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) { scanf("%s", a[i].str); } structSort(a, n); for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) { printf("%s\n", a[i].str); } return 0; }
这段代码给出了一个结构体数组 `a`,其中每个结构体包含一个字符串成员 `str`。接下来有一个函数 `structSort`,它需要你来实现。你需要使用任何一种排序算法对 `a` 数组进行排序,排序的依据是字符串的字典序(即按照字母顺序进行比较)。最后将排序后的字符串数组依次输出即可。
以下是可能的 `structSort` 实现方式之一,使用了标准库中的 `qsort` 函数:
```c++
int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
return strcmp(((Value *)a)->str, ((Value *)b)->str);
}
void structSort(Value *a, int n) {
qsort(a, n, sizeof(Value), compare);
}
```
其中,`compare` 函数用于比较两个字符串的大小,将其作为参数传递给 `qsort` 函数进行排序。
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