expected string or bytes-like object

This error occurs when a function or method is expecting a string or bytes-like object as an argument, but receives something else (e.g. an integer or a list).

To fix this error, you need to make sure that you are passing the correct type of argument to the function or method. You can use the type() function to check the type of the argument you are passing, and then convert it to a string or bytes-like object if necessary.

For example, if you are trying to pass an integer to a function that expects a string, you can convert the integer to a string using the str() function:

my_integer = 42
my_string = str(my_integer)
my_function(my_string)

Alternatively, you can check the type of the argument before passing it to the function:

my_integer = 42
if isinstance(my_integer, int):
    my_string = str(my_integer)
else:
    raise TypeError("Expected int, got {} instead".format(type(my_integer)))
my_function(my_string)