windows网络编程

Windows网络编程主要使用Winsock（Windows Socket）API来实现。下面是一个简单的例子，演示如何创建一个客户端和服务器应用程序：

客户端：

#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") // 链接ws2_32.lib库文件

int main()
{
    // 初始化Winsock库
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "WSAStartup failed. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // 创建socket
    SOCKET clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create socket. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // 设置服务器地址和端口号
    sockaddr_in serverAddr;
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); // 服务器IP地址
    serverAddr.sin_port = htons(12345); // 服务器端口号

    // 连接服务器
    if (connect(clientSocket, (sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to connect to server. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(clientSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // 发送数据
    char buffer[1024] = "Hello, server!";
    if (send(clientSocket, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0) == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to send data to server. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(clientSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // 关闭socket
    closesocket(clientSocket);

    // 清理Winsock库
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

服务器：

#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") // 链接ws2_32.lib库文件

int main()
{
    // 初始化Winsock库
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "WSAStartup failed. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // 创建socket
    SOCKET serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (serverSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create socket. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // 设置本地地址和端口号
    sockaddr_in localAddr;
    localAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    localAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // 本地IP地址
    localAddr.sin_port = htons(12345); // 本地端口号

    // 绑定socket到本地地址和端口号
    if (bind(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&localAddr, sizeof(localAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to bind socket. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(serverSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    // 监听socket
    if (listen(serverSocket, SOMAXCONN) == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to listen on socket. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(serverSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    std::cout << "Server is listening on port 12345..." << std::endl;

    // 接受连接请求
    sockaddr_in clientAddr;
    int clientAddrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
    SOCKET clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &clientAddrLen);
    if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to accept connection request. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(serverSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    std::cout << "Client is connected. IP address: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr) << ", port: " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << std::endl;

    // 接收数据
    char buffer[1024];
    int recvSize = recv(clientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
    if (recvSize == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to receive data from client. Error code: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(clientSocket);
        closesocket(serverSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return 1;
    }

    std::cout << "Received data from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 关闭socket
    closesocket(clientSocket);
    closesocket(serverSocket);

    // 清理Winsock库
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

以上是一个简单的例子，仅供参考。在实际应用中，可能需要处理更多的错误情况和异常情况，以保证程序的健壮性。