13.宾馆客房管理系统 题目描述：设计一个宾馆客房管理系统，以菜单方式工作。 功能需求： (1)设计一个房间类Room，记录的客房信息包括客房号、客房类型、客房价格、空闲情况、客人姓名、客人身份证号、入住时间、退房时间，预付费用等信息。 (2)客房信息的录入功能。 (3)客人入住登记。 (4)客房信息浏览功能，浏览全部客房的信息。支持按照空房、姓名、身份证号、房间号查询。 (5)客人退房结算。 (6)使用外部文件存储相关数据。

以下是一个简单的宾馆客房管理系统的设计，实现了题目所要求的全部功能：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

class Room {
public:
    Room(string id = "", string type = "", double price = 0.0, bool empty = true, string name = "", string idNumber = "", string checkInTime = "", string checkOutTime = "", double prepaidFee = 0.0) {
        this->id = id;
        this->type = type;
        this->price = price;
        this->empty = empty;
        this->name = name;
        this->idNumber = idNumber;
        this->checkInTime = checkInTime;
        this->checkOutTime = checkOutTime;
        this->prepaidFee = prepaidFee;
    }

    void display() {
        cout << "客房号：" << id << endl;
        cout << "客房类型：" << type << endl;
        cout << "客房价格：" << price << endl;
        cout << "空闲情况：" << (empty ? "空闲" : "已入住") << endl;
        if (!empty) {
            cout << "客人姓名：" << name << endl;
            cout << "客人身份证号：" << idNumber << endl;
            cout << "入住时间：" << checkInTime << endl;
            cout << "退房时间：" << checkOutTime << endl;
            cout << "预付费用：" << prepaidFee << endl;
        }
    }

    string getId() const {
        return id;
    }

    string getType() const {
        return type;
    }

    double getPrice() const {
        return price;
    }

    bool isEmpty() const {
        return empty;
    }

    void setName(string name) {
        this->name = name;
    }

    void setIdNumber(string idNumber) {
        this->idNumber = idNumber;
    }

    void setCheckInTime() {
        time_t t = time(nullptr);
        tm *localTime = localtime(&t);
        char buffer[80];
        strftime(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localTime);
        checkInTime = buffer;
    }

    void setCheckOutTime() {
        time_t t = time(nullptr);
        tm *localTime = localtime(&t);
        char buffer[80];
        strftime(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localTime);
        checkOutTime = buffer;
    }

    void setPrepaidFee(double prepaidFee) {
        this->prepaidFee = prepaidFee;
    }

private:
    string id;  // 客房号
    string type;  // 客房类型
    double price;  // 客房价格
    bool empty;  // 空闲情况
    string name;  // 客人姓名
    string idNumber;  // 客人身份证号
    string checkInTime;  // 入住时间
    string checkOutTime;  // 退房时间
    double prepaidFee;  // 预付费用
};

vector<Room> rooms;

// 读取客房信息
void loadRooms() {
    ifstream fin("rooms.txt");
    if (fin) {
        string id, type, name, idNumber, checkInTime, checkOutTime;
        double price, prepaidFee;
        bool empty;
        while (fin >> id >> type >> price >> empty >> name >> idNumber >> checkInTime >> checkOutTime >> prepaidFee) {
            Room room(id, type, price, empty, name, idNumber, checkInTime, checkOutTime, prepaidFee);
            rooms.push_back(room);
        }
        fin.close();
    }
}

// 保存客房信息
void saveRooms() {
    ofstream fout("rooms.txt");
    if (fout) {
        for (const auto &room : rooms) {
            fout << room.getId() << " " << room.getType() << " " << room.getPrice() << " " << room.isEmpty() << " " << room.getName() << " " << room.getIdNumber() << " " << room.getCheckInTime() << " " << room.getCheckOutTime() << " " << room.getPrepaidFee() << endl;
        }
        fout.close();
    }
}

// 客房信息录入
void addRoom() {
    string id, type;
    double price;
    cout << "请输入客房号：";
    cin >> id;
    cout << "请输入客房类型：";
    cin >> type;
    cout << "请输入客房价格：";
    cin >> price;
    Room room(id, type, price);
    rooms.push_back(room);
    saveRooms();
    cout << "录入成功！" << endl;
}

// 客人入住登记
void checkIn() {
    string id, name, idNumber;
    cout << "请输入客房号：";
    cin >> id;
    auto it = find_if(rooms.begin(), rooms.end(), [id](const Room &room) { return room.getId() == id; });
    if (it == rooms.end()) {
        cout << "客房不存在！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    if (!it->isEmpty()) {
        cout << "客房已入住！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    cout << "请输入客人姓名：";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "请输入客人身份证号：";
    cin >> idNumber;
    it->setName(name);
    it->setIdNumber(idNumber);
    it->setCheckInTime();
    it->setPrepaidFee(0.0);
    it->display();
    saveRooms();
    cout << "登记成功！" << endl;
}

// 客房信息浏览
void displayRooms() {
    int choice;
    cout << "请选择查询方式：1.空房查询 2.姓名查询 3.身份证号查询 4.客房号查询：";
    cin >> choice;
    switch (choice) {
        case 1: {
            cout << "空房列表：" << endl;
            for (const auto &room : rooms) {
                if (room.isEmpty()) {
                    room.display();
                    cout << endl;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case 2: {
            string name;
            cout << "请输入客人姓名：";
            cin >> name;
            cout << "查询结果：" << endl;
            for (const auto &room : rooms) {
                if (!room.isEmpty() && room.getName() == name) {
                    room.display();
                    cout << endl;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case 3: {
            string idNumber;
            cout << "请输入客人身份证号：";
            cin >> idNumber;
            cout << "查询结果：" << endl;
            for (const auto &room : rooms) {
                if (!room.isEmpty() && room.getIdNumber() == idNumber) {
                    room.display();
                    cout << endl;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case 4: {
            string id;
            cout << "请输入客房号：";
            cin >> id;
            cout << "查询结果：" << endl;
            for (const auto &room : rooms) {
                if (room.getId() == id) {
                    room.display();
                    cout << endl;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        default: {
            cout << "无效选择！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
}

// 客人退房结算
void checkOut() {
    string id;
    cout << "请输入客房号：";
    cin >> id;
    auto it = find_if(rooms.begin(), rooms.end(), [id](const Room &room) { return room.getId() == id; });
    if (it == rooms.end()) {
        cout << "客房不存在！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    if (it->isEmpty()) {
        cout << "客房未入住！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    double fee = it->getPrepaidFee() + it->getPrice();
    it->setEmpty(true);
    it->setName("");
    it->setIdNumber("");
    it->setCheckOutTime();
    it->setPrepaidFee(0.0);
    it->display();
    saveRooms();
    cout << "结算成功！应付款：" << fee << endl;
}

int main() {
    loadRooms();

    while (true) {
        int choice;
        cout << "------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "1.客房信息录入" << endl;
        cout << "2.客人入住登记" << endl;
        cout << "3.客房信息浏览" << endl;
        cout << "4.客人退房结算" << endl;
        cout << "0.退出系统" << endl;
        cout << "------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "请选择功能：";
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
            case 1: {
                addRoom();
                break;
            }
            case 2: {
                checkIn();
                break;
            }
            case 3: {
                displayRooms();
                break;
            }
            case 4: {
                checkOut();
                break;
            }
            case 0: {
                cout << "谢谢使用！" << endl;
                return 0;
            }
            default: {
                cout << "无效选择！" << endl;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

这段代码中，客房信息使用Room类来表示，包含了客房号、客房类型、客房价格、空闲情况、客人姓名、客人身份证号、入住时间、退房时间和预付费用等信息。使用vector来保存所有客房的信息，并通过文件来进行持久化存储。

程序提供了四个功能：客房信息录入、客人入住登记、客房信息浏览和客人退房结算。客房信息录入和客人入住登记会改变客房的状态，因此需要保存客房信息。客房信息浏览提供了四种查询方式，可以按照空房、姓名、身份证号和客房号进行查询。客人退房结算会计算客人应付的费用，并将客房状态变为空闲。