linux中c语言如何利用udp发送结构体
时间: 2024-05-12 07:16:14 浏览: 8
UDP是无连接的传输协议,因此在UDP中传输结构体需要将结构体数据转换为二进制格式,以便能够在网络中传输。可以通过以下步骤来利用UDP发送结构体:
1. 定义结构体并初始化
```
struct student {
char name[20];
int id;
float gpa;
};
struct student s = {"John", 1234, 3.5};
```
2. 定义UDP套接字
```
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
```
3. 定义服务器IP地址和端口号
```
struct sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
server.sin_port = htons(1234);
```
4. 将结构体数据转换为字节序列
```
char buffer[sizeof(struct student)];
memcpy(buffer, &s, sizeof(struct student));
```
5. 发送UDP数据包
```
sendto(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
```
完整的代码示例:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
struct student {
char name[20];
int id;
float gpa;
};
int main() {
struct student s = {"John", 1234, 3.5};
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
struct sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
server.sin_port = htons(1234);
char buffer[sizeof(struct student)];
memcpy(buffer, &s, sizeof(struct student));
int ret = sendto(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
if (ret < 0) {
perror("sendto");
return 1;
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
```